Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2.C2H6NO3S.K |
| Molecular Weight | 363.555 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[K+].NCCS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=YXUKIOYEWGMHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C12H24O2.C2H7NO3S.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;3-1-2-7(4,5)6;/h2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);1-3H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;;+1/p-1
| Molecular Formula | C2H6NO3S |
| Molecular Weight | 124.139 |
| Charge | -1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C12H24O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 200.3178 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | K |
| Molecular Weight | 39.0983 |
| Charge | 1 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3676193 | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804080 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334852 |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26208967
Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and is not incorporated into proteins. Taurine is considered conditionally essential because it cannot be synthesized by infants younger than 4-6 weeks, and it may not be adequately synthesized in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and patients with short-term hypermetabolic conditions. In mammalian tissues, taurine is ubiquitous and is the most abundant free amino acid in the heart, retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes. Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg. Taurine is a component of energy drinks, with many contain 1000 mg per serving. In medicine, taurine supplementation demonstrated efficacy in relieving symptoms of heart failure, hepatitis, hypertension and psychotic disorder. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms mediating the actions of taurine are not fully known.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1907607 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3392921 |
406.0 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 2-3 grams of taurine by mouth one to two times daily for 6-8 weeks seems to improve heart function and symptoms in patients with moderate heart failure to severe heart failure. Some patients with severe heart failure rapidly improve from NYHA class IV to II after 4-8 weeks of treatment. Improvement seems to continue for as long as taurine treatment is continued, up to one year. |
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| Palliative | TAURINE Approved UseTaking 1.5-4 grams of taurine daily for up to 3 months improves liver function in people with hepatitis. |
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| Preventing | URSA Complex Approved UseTaurine is a component of energy drinks used for relieving of fatigue |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
86.1 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
206.3 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331997/ |
4 g single, oral dose: 4 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TAURINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Osmolytes stabilize ribonuclease S by stabilizing its fragments S protein and S peptide to compact folding-competent states. | 2001-08-03 |
|
| Mast cell numbers in the young rat thalamus: a search for control factors. | 2001-08 |
|
| Taurine increases rat survival and reduces striatal damage caused by 3-nitropropionic acid. | 2001-08 |
|
| Dietary taurine manipulations in aged male Fischer 344 rat tissue: taurine concentration, taurine biosynthesis, and oxidative markers. | 2001-07-01 |
|
| Bile acid hydrophobicity is correlated with induction of apoptosis and/or growth arrest in HCT116 cells. | 2001-06-01 |
|
| Taurine modulates arginine vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal function. | 2001-06 |
|
| Enhanced fungicidal activity of N-chlorotaurine in nasal secretion. | 2001-06 |
|
| Occupational lead exposure and amino acid profiles and liver function tests in industrial workers. | 2001-06 |
|
| 17 beta-estradiol protects neurons from ischemic damage and attenuates accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids. | 2001-06 |
|
| Role of taurine in preventing acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in the rat. | 2001-06 |
|
| Further studies on the effects of topical lactate on amino acid efflux from the ischemic rat cortex. | 2001-05-18 |
|
| Down-regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expression by bile acids in primary rat hepatocytes is mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. | 2001-05-11 |
|
| Mechanisms of alcohol-nicotine interactions: alcoholics versus smokers. | 2001-05 |
|
| Pharmacological relapse prevention in alcohol dependence: from animal models to clinical trials. | 2001-05 |
|
| The influence of plasma on the disinfecting activity of the new antimicrobial agent N-chlorotaurine-sodium in comparison with chloramine T. | 2001-05 |
|
| The anti-craving compound acamprosate acts as a weak NMDA-receptor antagonist, but modulates NMDA-receptor subunit expression similar to memantine and MK-801. | 2001-05 |
|
| N-chlorotaurine, a novel endogenous antimicrobial agent: tolerability testing in a mouse model. | 2001-05 |
|
| Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system. | 2001-05 |
|
| Identification of a novel form of renal glucosuria with overexcretion of arginine, carnosine, and taurine. | 2001-05 |
|
| High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-beta 1. | 2001-05 |
|
| Cysteine regulates expression of cysteine dioxygenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in cultured rat hepatocytes. | 2001-05 |
|
| Reduction of phospholemman expression decreases osmosensitive taurine efflux in astrocytes. | 2001-04-23 |
|
| Fertilizability and developmental capacity of bovine oocytes cultured individually in a chemically defined maturation medium. | 2001-04-15 |
|
| Analysis of amino acids in human serum by isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. | 2001-04-13 |
|
| Evaluation of urinary carnitine and taurine excretion in 5 cystinuric dogs with carnitine and taurine deficiency. | 2001-04-13 |
|
| Inhibition of the myeloperoxidase chlorinating activity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs investigated with a human recombinant enzyme. | 2001-04-06 |
|
| Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings. | 2001-04-04 |
|
| Gene expression of the taurine transporter and taurine biosynthetic enzymes in rat kidney after antidiuresis and salt loading. | 2001-04 |
|
| Zinc and the eye. | 2001-04 |
|
| Increased taurine content in esophageal mucosa of children affected by gastroesophageal reflux. | 2001-04 |
|
| Conditioned nutritional deficiencies in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart. | 2001-04 |
|
| Dipolar coupling and ordering effects observed in magnetic resonance spectra of skeletal muscle. | 2001-04 |
|
| Killing of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts by hemocytes from resistant Biomphalaria glabrata: role of reactive oxygen species. | 2001-04 |
|
| Cellular uptake of taurine by lactating porcine mammary tissue. | 2001-04 |
|
| Transport of L-carnitine in isolated cerebral cortex neurons. | 2001-04 |
|
| Swelling-activated taurine and K+ transport in human cervical cancer cells: association with cell cycle progression. | 2001-03 |
|
| Effects of acamprosate on ethanol-seeking and self-administration in the rat. | 2001-03 |
|
| A new model for diffuse brain injury by rotational acceleration: II. Effects on extracellular glutamate, intracranial pressure, and neuronal apoptosis. | 2001-03 |
|
| An in vivo eyecup preparation for the rat. | 2001-02-15 |
|
| Activation of an ATP-dependent K(+) conductance in Xenopus oocytes by expression of adenylate kinase cloned from renal proximal tubules. | 2001-02-09 |
|
| Effects of new taurine derivatives on primary immune response in rats. | 2001-02 |
|
| [Role of angiotensin-(1-7) in amino-acid-neurotransmitter-mediated blood pressure regulation in rat rostral ventrolateral medulla]. | 2001-02 |
|
| Energy-related metabolites during and after induced myocardial infarction with special emphasis on the reperfusion injury after extracorporeal circulation. | 2001-02 |
|
| Effect of acamprosate and naltrexone, alone or in combination, on ethanol consumption. | 2001-02 |
|
| The protective effect of taurine against thioacetamide hepatotoxicity of rats. | 2001-01 |
|
| Calcium-mediated transductive systems and functionally active gap junctions in astrocyte-like GL15 cells. | 2001 |
|
| Beneficial effects of an "energy drink" given to sleepy drivers. | 2001 |
|
| The influence of a taurine containing drink on cardiac parameters before and after exercise measured by echocardiography. | 2001 |
|
| Readiness potential in different states of physical activation and after ingestion of taurine and/or caffeine containing drinks. | 2001 |
|
| Changes in plasma and urinary taurine and amino acids in runners immediately and 24h after a marathon. | 2001 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Taurin occurs naturally in fish and meat. The mean daily intake from omnivore diets was determined to be around 58 mg.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Agonist properties of taurine on glycine receptor of supraoptic magnocellular neurones acutely dissociated from adult rats, using whole-cell voltage clamp. Responses to 1 mM taurine were blocked by strychnine but not by gabazine and showed no additivity with glycine-induced currents, indicating selective activation of glycine receptors.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
GQK0L6ZDHA
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Name | Type | Language | ||
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Official Name | English | ||
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Preferred Name | English | ||
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Common Name | English |
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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76963160
Created by
admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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GQK0L6ZDHA
Created by
admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 18:49:47 GMT 2025
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |