LYSINE CARBONATE

US Previously Marketed

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C6H14N2O2.CH2O3
Molecular Weight	208.2123
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=OCHFNTLZOZPXFE-JEDNCBNOSA-N

InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2.CH2O3/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10;2-1(3)4/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10);(H2,2,3,4)/t5-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C6H14N2O2
Molecular Weight	146.1876
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Molecular Formula	CH2O3
Molecular Weight	62.0248
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.nap.edu/read/10490/chapter/12
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252373

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor 38 Target ID: CHEMBL1875 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28103616	Antagonist 2849
GABA-A receptor; anion channel 203 Target ID: CHEMBL2093872 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587651	Agonist 2752

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Herpes simplex infection 28 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine has been studied for the prevention and treatment of herpes infections and cold sores.
Angina pectoris 110 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine supplements may relieve effort-related angina pectoris.
Osteoporosis 101 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine increases the intestinal absorption and reduces the renal elimination of calcium.
Anxiety 275 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Primary	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine is believed to exert anxiolytic effects by acting as a partial serotonin receptor 4 antagonist and as a partial benzodiazepine agonist
Heroin dependence 10 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/npp/lysine.html	Palliative	Natural Metabolite	L-LYSINE MONOHYDRATE Approved Use Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to detoxify the body after heroin use.
Patent ductus arteriosus 8 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/neoprofen.html	Primary	Approved 8583	NEOPROFEN Approved Use NeoProfen is indicated to close a clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants weighing between 500 and 1500 g, who are no more than 32 weeks gestational age when usual medical management (e.g., fluid restriction, diuretics, respiratory support, etc.) is ineffective. The clinical trial was conducted among infants with an asymptomatic PDA. However, the consequences beyond 8 weeks after treatment have not been evaluated; therefore, treatment should be reserved for infants with clear evidence of a clinically significant PDA. Launch Date 2006

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
The function of interdomain interactions in controlling nucleotide exchange rates in transducin.	2001-06-29	11290746
Endogenous formation of protein adducts with carcinogenic aldehydes: implications for oxidative stress.	2001-06-29	11283024
Chemical and biological evaluation of endotoxin contamination on natural rubber latex products.	2001-06-05	11255197
CYP2A6*6, a novel polymorphism in cytochrome p450 2A6, has a single amino acid substitution (R128Q) that inactivates enzymatic activity.	2001-05-25	11278503
Isolation and characterization of senescence-induced cDNAs encoding deoxyhypusine synthase and eucaryotic translation initiation factor 5A from tomato.	2001-05-18	11278418
Human corneal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase and mouse intestinal GlcNac 6-O-sulfotransferase both produce keratan sulfate.	2001-05-11	11278593
Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by annexin I. Specific interaction model and mapping of the interaction site.	2001-05-11	11278580
The heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha kinase. A potential regulatory target for control of protein synthesis by diffusible gases.	2001-05-04	11278914
Evidence that the peptidylprolyl isomerase domain of the hsp90-binding immunophilin FKBP52 is involved in both dynein interaction and glucocorticoid receptor movement to the nucleus.	2001-05-04	11278753
Influence of crystal shape on the tableting performance of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate.	2001-05	11288101
Peflin and ALG-2, members of the penta-EF-hand protein family, form a heterodimer that dissociates in a Ca2+-dependent manner.	2001-04-27	11278427
Ethanol production from wheat straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis.	2001-04-27	11267696
Properties of microtubules assembled from mammalian tubulin synthesized in Escherichia coli.	2001-04-17	11294652
The number of morphological synapses between neurons does not predict the strength of their physiological synaptic interactions: a study of dendrites in the nematode Ascaris suum.	2001-04-16	11268011
Effect of the degree of fatty acid unsaturation of rat heart mitochondria on their rates of H2O2 production and lipid and protein oxidative damage.	2001-04-15	11240164
Efficient preparation of natural and synthetic galactosides with a recombinant beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-/UDP-4'-gal epimerase fusion protein.	2001-04-06	11281786
Identification of the alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase gene, the human ortholog of the yeast LYS5 gene.	2001-04	11286508
A systematic approach to the analysis of protein phosphorylation.	2001-04	11283598
Differences in sialic acid density in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Aspergillus species.	2001-04	11283283
Formation of 1,1'-iminodicarboxylic acid derivatives, 2,6-diketo-piperazine and dibenzodiazocine-2,6-dione by variations of multicomponent reactions.	2001-04	11233828
The fermentative production of L-lysine as an animal feed additive.	2001-04	11233822
Translational extracts active biologically in vitro obtained from eukaryotic monolayer cells: a versatile method for viral RNA studies.	2001-04	11226564
A simple method for midkine purification by affinity chromatography with a heavy chain variable domain (VH) fragment of antibody.	2001-03-28	11282403
Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive and invasive cancer.	2001-03-21	11257391
High pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin.	2001-03-20	11294354
Enhancement of tumor lysate- and peptide-pulsed dendritic cell-based vaccines by the addition of foreign helper protein.	2001-03-15	11289139
Induction and clonal expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from renal cell carcinoma patients after stimulation with autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor cells.	2001-03-15	11275975
Effects of initial particle size on the tableting properties of L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate powder.	2001-03-14	11250107
Characterization of mouse brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) and phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase-associated protein 1, a novel BAI1-binding protein.	2001-03-05	11245925
Investigating the surface expression of the renal type IIa Na+/Pi-cotransporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes.	2001-03-01	11284206
T cell-dependent antitumor immunity mediated by secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine: augmentation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.	2001-03-01	11280767
XIAP regulates Akt activity and caspase-3-dependent cleavage during cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human ovarian epithelial cancer cells.	2001-03-01	11280739
Characterisation of L-tryptophan transporters in human placenta: a comparison of brush border and basal membrane vesicles.	2001-03-01	11230513
Quantitative analysis of specific mRNA species in minute cell samples by RT-PCR and flow cytometry.	2001-03-01	11226479
Enhancement of antitumor immune response in glioma models in mice by genetically modified dendritic cells pulsed with Semliki forest virus-mediated complementary DNA.	2001-03	11235953
Mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death in cancer-associated retinopathy.	2001-03	11222531
Biochemical and functional characterization of a molecule expressed by a subset of thymic medullary epithelial cells.	2001-02	11292258
Isolation of the Escherichia coli nucleoid.	2001-02	11278063
Detection of early gene expression changes during activation of human primary lymphocytes by in vitro synthesis of proteins from polysome-associated mRNAs.	2001-02	11266628
The effect of protease inhibitors on the two-dimensional electrophoresis pattern of red blood cell membranes.	2001-02	11258769
In vivo distribution and speciation of [114mIn]InCl3 in the Wistar rat.	2001-02	11253025
L-lysine reduces nonenzymatic glycation of glomerular basement membrane collagen and albuminuria in diabetic rats.	2001-02	11244310
Endotoxin, endotoxin-neutralizing-capacity, sCD14, sICAM-1, and cytokines in patients with various degrees of alcoholic liver disease.	2001-02	11236841
Hydrolysed protein accelerates the gastrointestinal transport of formula in preterm infants.	2001-02	11236051
Uptake and accumulation of exogenous docosahexaenoic acid by Chlorella.	2001-01	11272831
Endotoxemia and acute-phase proteins in major abdominal surgery.	2001-01	11248174
Influence of lysates of the salivary glands of Lutzomyia longipalpis on the development of a Leishmania-major-like parasite in the skin of the golden hamster.	2001-01	11235554
ESR detection of intraphagosomal superoxide in polymorphonuclear leukocytes using 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-l-pyrroline-N-oxide.	2001-01	11234998
Antibodies to SOX13 (ICA12) are associated with type 1 diabetes.	2001	11264788
The antioxidant system beta-D(+) glucose-glucose oxidase-catalase: tests for pyrogenicity and antigenicity.	2001	11247273

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Lysin is an essential amino-acid. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

In the in vitro study of herpes simplex virus (HSV) growth in tissue culture, arginine deficiency suppressed HSV growth. Maximum herpes growth (as measured by plaques counting) was observed in flasks, containing 10-20 ug/ml of arginine. The addition of 50 ug/ml of lysine to the flasks containing 2.5 and 5.0 ug/ml of arginine reduced the number of viable plaque-forming units (PFU) from 3300 and 48800 to less than 10.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:56:17 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:56:17 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	QPG0PZ2GXY
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

LYSINE CARBONATE

Systematic Name

English

L-LYSINE, CARBONATE (1:1)

Preferred Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

CAS

28231-58-5