Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C17H18N4O |
| Molecular Weight | 294.351 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=C1CCN(CC4=C(C)N=CN4)C3=O
InChI
InChIKey=JSWZEAMFRNKZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H18N4O/c1-11-13(19-10-18-11)9-21-8-7-15-16(17(21)22)12-5-3-4-6-14(12)20(15)2/h3-6,10H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)
| Molecular Formula | C17H18N4O |
| Molecular Weight | 294.351 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Alosetron, marketed under the brand name Lotronex, is a 5-HT3 antagonist used for the management of severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in women only. Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT3
receptor antagonist. 5-HT3 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are extensively
distributed on enteric neurons in the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as other peripheral and
central locations. Activation of these channels and the resulting neuronal depolarization affect the
regulation of visceral pain, colonic transit and gastrointestinal secretions, processes that relate to the
pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as alosetron
inhibit activation of non-selective cation channels which results in the modulation of the enteric nervous system. Alosetron is used for the treating women with severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) accompanied by severe diarrhea (usually lasting for 6 months or more). It is only prescribed to women who do not respond to other medicines and is not to be used by women whose main IBS problem is constipation.
CNS Activity
Sources: http://ibs-care.org/pdfs/ref_105.pdf
Curator's Comment: Alosetron does cross the blood-brain barrier.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1899 |
0.29 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | LOTRONEX Approved UseLOTRONEX is indicated only for women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who have: chronic IBS symptoms (generally lasting 6 months or longer), had anatomic or biochemical abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract excluded, and not responded adequately to conventional therapy. Diarrhea-predominant IBS is severe if it includes diarrhea and one or more of the following: frequent and severe abdominal pain/discomfort, frequent bowel urgency or fecal incontinence, disability or restriction of daily activities due to IBS. Because of infrequent but serious gastrointestinal adverse reactions associated with LOTRONEX, the indication is restricted to those patients for whom the benefit-to-risk balance is most favorable. Clinical studies have not been performed to adequately confirm the benefits of LOTRONEX in men. LOTRONEX is a selective serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist indicated only for women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who have: chronic IBS symptoms (generally lasting 6 months or longer), had anatomic or biochemical abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract excluded, and not responded adequately to conventional therapy. (1) Severe IBS includes diarrhea and 1 or more of the following: frequent and severe abdominal pain/discomfort, frequent bowel urgency or fecal incontinence, disability or restriction of daily activities due to IBS. (1) Launch Date2000 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
43.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
14.6 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
40.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
9.35 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5 ng/mL |
1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
9 ng/mL |
1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
66.1 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
36.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
49.3 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
24.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.65 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.44 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.52 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.45 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11874386 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ALOSETRON serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
18% |
ALOSETRON plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Constipation, Gastrointestinal discomfort... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Constipation (20%) Sources: Gastrointestinal discomfort (3%) Abdominal pain (8%) Nausea (9%) Vomiting (3%) Diarrhea (5%) Headaches (7%) Malaise and fatigue (3%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constipation | 20% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Gastrointestinal discomfort | 3% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Malaise and fatigue | 3% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Vomiting | 3% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Diarrhea | 5% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Headaches | 7% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Abdominal pain | 8% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Nausea | 9% Disc. AE |
8 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral MTD Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 45 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 45 Sex: M+F Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inconclusive | ||||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
Page: 5.0 |
no | |||
| yes | ||||
| yes |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes | unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: Ketoconazole is a known strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. In a pharmacokinetic study, 38 healthy female subjects received ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, with coadministration of alosetron 1 mg on the last day. Ketoconazole increased mean alosetron plasma concentrations (AUC) by 29%. Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2000/21107a_Lotronex_clinphrmr_P3.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0 |
|||
| yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: Fluvoxamine is a known strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and also inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. In a pharmacokinetic study, 40 healthy female subjects received fluvoxamine in escalating doses from 50 to 200 mg/day for 16 days, with coadministration of alosetron 1 mg on the last day. Fluvoxamine increased mean alosetron plasma concentrations (AUC) approximately 6-fold and prolonged the half-life by approximately 3-fold. Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2000/21107a_Lotronex_clinphrmr_P3.pdf#page=8 Page: 8.0 |
Tox targets
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12873512/ Page: - |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Treating irritable bowel syndrome: overview, perspective and future therapies. | 2004-04 |
|
| Therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. | 2004-03-18 |
|
| Occurrence of colon ischemia in relation to irritable bowel syndrome. | 2004-03 |
|
| New options for soothing an irritable bowel. | 2004-03 |
|
| Safety and tolerability of tegaserod in irritable bowel syndrome management. | 2004-02-18 |
|
| Study design issues in irritable bowel syndrome. | 2004-01-01 |
|
| 5-HT3-receptor antagonist inhibits visceral pain differently in chemical and mechanical stimuli in rats. | 2004-01 |
|
| Platelet serotonin transporter in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome both before and after treatment with alosetron. | 2003-12 |
|
| Advances in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2003-12 |
|
| Effects of imatinib mesylate (STI571, Glivec) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin, a cytochrome p450 3A4 substrate, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. | 2003-11-17 |
|
| Alosetron and irritable bowel syndrome. | 2003-11 |
|
| Gateways to clinical trials. | 2003-10 |
|
| Evaluation of drug treatment in irritable bowel syndrome. | 2003-10 |
|
| Re: Brandt et al.--An evidence-based approach to the management of irritable bowel syndrome in North America. | 2003-09 |
|
| Irritable bowel syndrome: an overview of diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment. | 2003-06 |
|
| Incidence of colonic ischemia, hospitalized complications of constipation, and bowel surgery in relation to use of alosetron hydrochloride. | 2003-05 |
|
| Regulatory role of 5-HT and muscarinic receptor antagonists on the migrating myoelectric complex in rats. | 2003-04-25 |
|
| Gateways to clinical trials. | 2003-04-15 |
|
| Safety, efficacy and costs of pharmacotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders: the case of alosetron and its implications. | 2003-04 |
|
| Review: tegaserod or alosetron is effective for the irritable bowel syndrome. | 2003-03-05 |
|
| Efficacy of alosetron in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | 2003-02 |
|
| Bad medicine. Why data from drug companies may be hard to swallow. | 2003-02 |
|
| Alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome. Risks of using alosetron are still unknown. | 2003-01-04 |
|
| Alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome. Senior vice president of GlaxoSmithKline responds. | 2003-01-04 |
|
| [Visceral hypersensitivity: a concept within our reach]. | 2003-01 |
|
| Alosetron (Lotronex) is back: should I use it to treat my patients with irritable bowel syndrome? | 2003-01 |
|
| Lipid-induced colonic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome: the role of 5-HT3 receptors. | 2003-01 |
|
| Alosetron in irritable bowel syndrome: strategies for its use in a common gastrointestinal disorder. | 2003 |
|
| Tegaserod and other serotonergic agents: what is the evidence? | 2003 |
|
| Irritable bowel syndrome genophenomics: correlation of serotonin-transporter polymorphisms and alosetron response. | 2003 |
|
| Patient satisfaction with alosetron for the treatment of women with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-12 |
|
| Excitation of rat colonic afferent fibres by 5-HT(3) receptors. | 2002-11-01 |
|
| Systematic review on the management of irritable bowel syndrome in North America. | 2002-11 |
|
| Evidence-based position statement on the management of irritable bowel syndrome in North America. | 2002-11 |
|
| Gateways to clinical trials. | 2002-10 |
|
| FDA OK's two drugs for irritable bowel syndrome. The arsenal of IBS drugs is growing, but diagnosis is tricky. | 2002-10 |
|
| Condition-specific deactivation of brain regions by 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Alosetron. | 2002-10 |
|
| New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-10 |
|
| Alosetron: a case study in regulatory capture, or a victory for patients' rights? | 2002-09-14 |
|
| FDA advisers warn of more deaths if drug is relaunched. | 2002-09-14 |
|
| Alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-09-14 |
|
| FDA approves restricted marketing of Lotronex. | 2002-08-20 |
|
| From the Food and Drug Administration. | 2002-08-14 |
|
| Alosetron (lotronex) revisited. | 2002-08-05 |
|
| Contemporary thoughts on the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-08 |
|
| The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-08 |
|
| Serotonin-transporter polymorphism pharmacogenetics in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. | 2002-08 |
|
| Irritable bowel syndrome neuropharmacology. A review of approved and investigational compounds. | 2002-07 |
|
| Return of alosetron. | 2002-05 |
|
| Adverse drug reaction update. | 2002 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/alosetron.html
Usual Adult Dose for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
-Initial dose: 0.5 mg orally twice a day
-Maintenance dose: 0.5 mg orally once or twice a day; can be increased up to 1 mg orally twice a day after 4 weeks of treatment.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10776833
Alosetron blocked the fast 5HT3-mediated depolarisation of guinea-pig myenteric and submucosal neurons in vitro, with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 55 nmol/L.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 18:14:17 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 18:14:17 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
13Z9HTH115
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C94726
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WHO-VATC |
QA03AE01
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NDF-RT |
N0000175818
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LIVERTOX |
29
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WHO-ATC |
A03AE01
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NDF-RT |
N0000175817
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C090840
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m1574
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DTXSID6044278
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2296
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C73100
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ALOSETRON
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13Z9HTH115
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2099
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Alosetron
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
EXCRETED UNCHANGED |
AMOUNT EXCRETED
FECAL
|
||
|
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
Alosetron is metabolized by human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), shown in vitro to involve enzymes 2C9 (30%), 3A4 (18%), and 1A2 (10%).
MAJOR
|
||
|
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
Alosetron is metabolized by human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), shown in vitro to involve enzymes 2C9 (30%), 3A4 (18%), and 1A2 (10%).
MAJOR
|
||
|
TARGET -> INHIBITOR | |||
|
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
Alosetron is metabolized by human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), shown in vitro to involve enzymes 2C9 (30%), 3A4 (18%), and 1A2 (10%).
MAJOR
|
||
|
EXCRETED UNCHANGED |
AMOUNT EXCRETED
URINE
|
||
|
|
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
|
BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
|
| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
METABOLITE -> PARENT |
in male human urine
URINE
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
URINE
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||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
URINE
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
FECAL
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
PLASMA
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
MINOR
PLASMA
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
FECAL
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
FECAL
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||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
MINOR
PLASMA
|
||
|
METABOLITE -> PARENT |
in female human urine
URINE
|
||
|
METABOLITE -> PARENT |
MINOR
PLASMA
|
||
|
METABOLITE -> PARENT |
PLASMA
|
||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
in male human urine
URINE
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||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
in female human urine
URINE
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||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
URINE
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Tmax | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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DOSE |
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