PIMOBENDAN

Details

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Molecular Formula	C19H18N4O2
Molecular Weight	334.3718
Optical Activity	( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=NC3=C(N2)C=CC(=C3)C4=NNC(=O)CC4C

InChI

InChIKey=GLBJJMFZWDBELO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C19H18N4O2/c1-11-9-17(24)22-23-18(11)13-5-8-15-16(10-13)21-19(20-15)12-3-6-14(25-2)7-4-12/h3-8,10-11H,9H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21)(H,22,24)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C19H18N4O2
Molecular Weight	334.3718
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	( + / - )

Description
Sources: http://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=54
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660359

Pimobendan (INN, or pimobendane; tradenames Vetmedin, Acardi, and Heartmedin) is a veterinary medication. Under the trade name Acardi, it is available for human use in Japan. Usually, this medicine is used to treat acute heart failure and chronic heart failure (mild to moderate in severity). By increasing the calcium ion sensitivity to protein regulating myocardial contraction and also by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE-III) activity, this medicine dilates the blood vessels and improves the symptoms of heart failure such as shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing. Pimobendan is metabolized into an active metabolite (desmethylpimobendan) by the liver. The parent compound, pimobendan, is a potent calcium sensitizer while desmethylpimobendan is a more potent phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. Pimobendan is 90–95% bound to plasma proteins in circulation. This may have implications in patients suffering from low blood protein levels (hypoproteinemia/hypoalbuminemia) and in patients that are on concurrent therapies that are also highly protein bound.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Phosphodiesterase 3 61 Target ID: CHEMBL2094125 Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660359	Inhibitor 8504
sensitization of the contractile proteins to Ca2+ 6 Target ID: sensitization of the contractile proteins to Ca2+ Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660359	Activator 1447

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Heart failure 106 Sources: http://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=54	Primary		Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
69.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
74 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
16.8 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
15.8 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
16.3 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
17 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
14.6 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
15.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
22.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2060537/	2.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
47.4 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2060537/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
55.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
50.8 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
53.7 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
52.9 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
44 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
48.3 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
34.4 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
37.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
0.71 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2060537/	2.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2060537/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1.81 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1.86 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.86 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.59 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.56 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.93 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
3.07 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.62 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7781260/	2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
2.4% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.4% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	5 mg single, intravenous dose: 5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.4% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, (-)- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
2.4% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7768258/	7.5 mg single, oral dose: 7.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	PIMOBENDAN, ( )- plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
2.5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 2.5 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 2.5 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/
5 mg single, oral Studied dose Dose: 5 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 5 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1792811/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model.	2013-12	24052561
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of prognostic findings in 367 clinical cases.	2010-08	20670255
Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: natural history, clinical presentation and therapy.	2010-07	20610017
Current use of pimobendan in canine patients with heart disease.	2010-07	20610012
Synthesis, vasorelaxant activity and antihypertensive effect of benzo[d]imidazole derivatives.	2010-06-01	20451399
ECG of the month. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a Boxer.	2010-05-01	20433394
Patients' self-assessed functional status in heart failure by New York Heart Association class: a prognostic predictor of hospitalizations, quality of life and death.	2010-02	20142027
Human cardiac tissue in a microperfusion chamber simulating extracorporeal circulation--ischemia and apoptosis studies.	2010-01-18	20082695
Synthesis of new 4,5-3(2H)pyridazinone derivatives and their cardiotonic, hypotensive, and platelet aggregation inhibition activities.	2010-01	20191341
Sarcomere control mechanisms and the dynamics of the cardiac cycle.	2010	20467475
Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond.	2009-12	19876734
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the effects of valsartan on exercise time in patients with symptomatic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.	2009-10	19789402
Evaluation of pimobendan and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs.	2009-09-29	19780931
Acute effect of pimobendan and furosemide on the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy dogs.	2009-09-10	19737179
Readability estimates for commonly used health-related quality of life surveys.	2009-09	19590979
Transient tricuspid valve regurgitation following surgical treatment of cor triatriatum dexter in a dog.	2009-05	19425172
Chronic cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary atherosclerosis in an African Grey parrot.	2009-04-15	19366339
Assessment of the pharmacological effects of inotropic drugs on left ventricular pressure and contractility: an evaluation of the QA interval as an indirect indicator of cardiac inotropism.	2009-02-03	19523528
Effect of pimobendan on echocardiographic values in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease.	2009-01-16	19143935
Cardiac sarcoidosis culminating in severe biventricular failure.	2009	19746177
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.	2008-12	18981594
Canine heart disease: progress and promise.	2008-11	19006487
Treatment of congestive heart failure in dogs.	2008-10-25	18953081
A QUEST begins.	2008-10-11	18844829
Effect of pimobendan or benazepril hydrochloride on survival times in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease: the QUEST study.	2008-07-22	18638016
Defining the binding site of levosimendan and its analogues in a regulatory cardiac troponin C-troponin I complex.	2008-07-15	18570382
The role of cardiac troponin T quantity and function in cardiac development and dilated cardiomyopathy.	2008-07-09	18612386
Effect of pimobendan on case fatality rate in Doberman Pinschers with congestive heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy.	2008-06-10	18537880
Anaesthesia for the geriatric dog and cat.	2008-06-01	21851715
Alterations in vasomotor control of coronary resistance vessels in remodelled myocardium of swine with a recent myocardial infarction.	2008-05	18320249
Effect of short-term treatment with meloxicam and pimobendan on the renal function in healthy beagle dogs.	2008-04	18307507
Concerns about "Comparative adverse cardiac effects of pimobendan and benazepril monotherapy in dogs with mild degenerative mitral valve disease".	2008-03-29	18371020
Concerns about "Comparative adverse cardiac effects of pimobendan and benazepril monotherapy in dogs with mild degenerative mitral valve disease: a prospective, controlled, blinded and randomized study".	2008-03-29	18371019
Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in anemic heart failure patients.	2008-03	18165909
Treatment options in myocarditis: what we know from experimental data and how it translates to clinical trials.	2007-09	17882370
Comparative adverse cardiac effects of pimobendan and benazepril monotherapy in dogs with mild degenerative mitral valve disease: a prospective, controlled, blinded, and randomized study.	2007-08-22	17708394
[Combined therapy with weight loss and amiodarone improved cardiac function in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy complicated with severe obesity: a case report].	2007-08	17802698
Translational medicine with a capital T, troponin T, that is.	2007-07-20	17641232
Knock-in mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by troponin mutation.	2007-07-20	17556660
[Calcium sensitizer agents in heart failure therapy].	2007-05-28	17571366
[Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor--characteristics, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, clinical trials, and side effects].	2007-05-28	17571364
[Calcium sensitizer: characteristics, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indication, contraindication, clinical data, and side effects].	2007-05-28	17569308
Effects of pimobendan for mitral valve regurgitation in dogs.	2007-04	17485924
The value added by measuring myocardial contractility 'in vivo' in safety pharmacological profiling of drug candidates.	2007-02-23	17583538
Beta-blockers use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant cardiovascular conditions.	2007	18268926
Syncope secondary to transient atrioventricular block in a German shepherd dog with dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation.	2006-05	19083338
A review of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.	2006	17323593
Effect of pimobendan in patients with chronic heart failure.	2001	20428258
The novel insulinotropic mechanism of pimobendan: direct enhancement of the exocytotic process of insulin secretory granules by increased Ca2+ sensitivity in beta-cells.	1998-03	9492047
Differential modulation of cytokine production by drugs: implications for therapy in heart failure.	1996-12	9004165

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Acute heart failure: usually for adults, one capsule (2.5 mg of pimobendan) once dailyChronic heart failure (mild to moderate in severity): usually for adults, one capsule (2.5 mg of pimobendan) twice daily after meals

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

composite platelet aggregation (area under the curve [AUC]) and maximal platelet aggregation (aggregation units [AUs]) at 10.0μM pimobendan were significantly decreased for collagen-induced aggregation (AUC, 349.7 ± 58.4 vs 285.1 ± 72.2; maximal platelet aggregation, 196.2 ± 25.8 AUs vs 161.5 ± 38.0 AUs), and the AUC and velocity of aggregation at 10.0μM pimobendan were significantly decreased for ADP-induced aggregation (AUC, 268.5 ± 35.1 vs 213.4 ± 77.2; velocity of aggregation, 15.7 ± 2.9 AUs/min vs 11.8 ± 3.5 AUs/min).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:52:23 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:52:23 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	34AP3BBP9T
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

Download

Name

Type

Language

PIMOBENDAN

Official Name

English

ACARDI

Preferred Name

English

RACEMIC PIMOBENDAN

Common Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [MART.]

Common Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [EMA EPAR VETERINARY]

Common Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [MI]

Common Name

English

VETMEDIN

Brand Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [JAN]

Common Name

English

3(2H)-PYRIDAZINONE, 4,5-DIHYDRO-6-(2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-5-YL)-5-METHYL-, (±)-

Systematic Name

English

Pimobendan [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

FORTEKOR PLUS COMPONENT PIMOBENDAN

Brand Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [USAN]

Common Name

English

UD-CG-115

Code

English

PIMOBENDAN [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

3(2H)-PYRIDAZINONE, 4,5-DIHYDRO-6-(2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-6-YL)-5-METHYL-

Systematic Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

UD-CG-115BS

Code

English

PIMOBENDAN [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

UDCG-115

Code

English

(±)-4,5-DIHYDRO-6-(2-(P-METHOXYPHENYL)-5-BENZIMIDAZOLYL)-5-METHYL-3(2H)-PYRIDAZINONE

Common Name

English

DL-PIMOBENDAN

Common Name

English

PIMOBENDAN [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

pimobendan [INN]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 520.1780