U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C22H24N2O7S
Molecular Weight 460.5
Optical Activity ( + )
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of APREMILAST

SMILES

CCOC1=CC(=CC=C1OC)[C@@H](CS(C)(=O)=O)N2C(=O)C3=CC=CC(NC(C)=O)=C3C2=O

InChI

InChIKey=IMOZEMNVLZVGJZ-QGZVFWFLSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H24N2O7S/c1-5-31-19-11-14(9-10-18(19)30-3)17(12-32(4,28)29)24-21(26)15-7-6-8-16(23-13(2)25)20(15)22(24)27/h6-11,17H,5,12H2,1-4H3,(H,23,25)/t17-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula C22H24N2O7S
Molecular Weight 460.5
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://ir.celgene.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=872240; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806620; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20525198; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20050849

Apremilast (brand name Otezla) selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 is used for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. OTEZLA is the first and only PDE4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin resulting from an uncontrolled immune response. Apremilast also inhibits spontaneous production of TNF-alpha from human rheumatoid synovial cells. It has anti-inflammatory activity. By inhibiting PDE-4, apremilast increases intracellular levels of cAMP and thereby inhibits the production of multiple proinflammatory mediators including PDE-4, TNF-alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma, leukotrienes, and nitric oxide synthase.

Originator

Approval Year

2014
503
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Inhibitor
8504
 74.0 nM [IC50]
Inhibitor
8504
 0.074 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Approved
8583
OTEZLA

Approved Use

For the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis and patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy

Launch Date

2014
Primary
Approved
8583
OTEZLA

Approved Use

For the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis and patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy

Launch Date

2014
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
527 ng × eq/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21859393/
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST, (+/-)- plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
208 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
10 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
298 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
20 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
637 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
30 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6632 ng × eq × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21859393/
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST, (+/-)- plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
1008 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
10 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
1591 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
20 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
3467 ng × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748702/
30 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
50.4 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21859393/
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APREMILAST, (+/-)- plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
50 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Overdose
Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27285466
healthy, adult
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: adult
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27285466
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27285466
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Disc. AE: Nausea, Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (3%)
Diarrhea (2%)
Headache (2%)
Dizziness (1%)
Vomiting (1%)
Fatigue (1%)
Migraine (<1%)
Abdominal pain upper (<1%)
Decreased appetite (<1%)
Depressed mood (<1%)
Abdominal distension (<1%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Disc. AE: Nausea, Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (1%)
Diarrhea (1%)
Vomiting (<1%)
Fatigue (<1%)
Migraine (<1%)
Abdominal pain upper (<1%)
Decreased appetite (<1%)
Depressed mood (<1%)
Depression (<1%)
Abdominal distension (<1%)
Dyspepsia (<1%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Dizziness 1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Fatigue 1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Vomiting 1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Diarrhea 2%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Headache 2%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Nausea 3%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Abdominal distension <1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Abdominal pain upper <1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Decreased appetite <1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Depressed mood <1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Migraine <1%
Disc. AE
30 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 30 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Diarrhea 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Nausea 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Abdominal distension <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Abdominal pain upper <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Decreased appetite <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Depressed mood <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Depression <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Dyspepsia <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Fatigue <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Migraine <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Vomiting <1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 20 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Sex: M+F
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205437Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
substrate
1946

inducer
1087
inducer
440

substrate
1193
substrate
1388
inhibitor
2217

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
BCRP
910

OAT1
725

OAT3
747

OCT2
779

OATP1B1
1079

OATP1B3
961

MRP2
499

MRP3
246

MRP4
290

P-gp
1741
CYP1A2
1197

CYP2A6
626

P-gp
2052

BCRP
697

OAT1
395

OAT3
391

OCT2
434

OATP1B1
503

OATP1B3
435

CYP2C8
810

CYP2C19
1119

CYP2E1
729
CYP1A2
832

CYP2C19
329

CYP2B6
669
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP1A2
2333
 no
CYP2C19
2141
 no
CYP2C9
2497
 no
BCRP
985
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
MRP2
625
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
MRP3
326
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
MRP4
345
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
OAT1
730
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
OAT3
749
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
OATP1B1
1095
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
OATP1B3
970
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
OCT2
782
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
P-gp
1932
 weak [IC50 >10 uM]
CYP2B6
1160
 weak
CYP3A4
2633
 weak
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP3A4
1946
 major
BCRP
697
 no
CYP2C9
1193
 no
CYP2E1
729
 no
OAT1
395
 no
OAT3
391
 no
OATP1B1
503
 no
OATP1B3
435
 no
OCT2
434
 no
CYP2C19
1119
 weak
CYP2C8
810
 weak
CYP2D6
1388
 weak
CYP1A2
1197
 yes
CYP2A6
626
 yes
P-gp
2052
 yes
no (co-administration study)
Comment: in vivo bioavailability is more than 70% and DDI study with ketoconazole (CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor) did not reveal the potential of a significant interaction
Page: 5.0
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
hERG
2263
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:78540
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:78540
ChemicalBook
CB12563430
https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB12563430
MolPort
MolPort-023-219-158
https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-023-219-158
Selleck Chemicals
apremilast-cc-10004
http://www.selleckchem.com/products/apremilast-cc-10004.html
ZINC
ZINC000030691736
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000030691736
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Apremilast: a PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.
2015-05
Novel systemic drugs for psoriasis: mechanism of action for apremilast, a specific inhibitor of PDE4.
2013-06
Novel systemic drugs under investigation for the treatment of psoriasis.
2012-07
Disposition, metabolism and mass balance of [(14)C]apremilast following oral administration.
2011-12
Discovery of (S)-N-[2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methanesulfonylethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-4-yl] acetamide (apremilast), a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor.
2009-03-26
CC-10004 .
2005-05
The effects of selective cytokine inhibitory drugs (CC-10004 and CC-1088) on VEGF and IL-6 expression and apoptosis in myeloma and endothelial cell co-cultures.
2004-02
Patents

Patents

20030187052
1
20050192336
1
20050267196
1
20060183787
1
20060183788
1

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
The recommended initial dosage titration of OTEZLA (apremilast) from Day 1 to Day 5 is from 10 mg till 30 mg corresponding. Following the 5-day titration, the recommended maintenance dosage is 30 mg twice daily taken orally starting on Day 6. This titration is intended to reduce the gastrointestinal symptoms associated with initial therapy.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
LPS-stimulated human monocytes were treated with concentrations of apremilast ranging from 6.25 nM to 100 nM.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
Record UNII
UP7QBP99PN
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
APREMILAST
DASH   INN   MI   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
OTEZLA
Preferred Name English
CC-10004
Code English
Apremilast [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
apremilast [INN]
Common Name English
(+)-N-(2-((1S)-1-(3-ETHOXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)-2-(METHYLSULFONYL)ETHYL)-1,3-DIOXO- 2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-ISOINDOL-4-YL)ACETAMIDE
Systematic Name English
APREMILAST [USAN]
Common Name English
N-[2-[(1S)-1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoindol-4-yl]acetamide
Systematic Name English
APREMILAST [MI]
Common Name English
APREMILAST [VANDF]
Common Name English
APREMILAST [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
Acetamide, N-[2-[(1S)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoindol-4-yl]-
Systematic Name English
APREMILAST [JAN]
Common Name English
CC10004
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NDF-RT N0000182961
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC L04AA32
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS OTEZLA (AUTHORIZED: ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC)
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C744
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
EU-Orphan Drug EU/3/13/1180
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QL04AA32
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID30976289
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
USAN
SS-114
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7372
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000182960
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors [MoA]
INN
8872
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
8221
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m2010
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
MESH
C505730
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
11561674
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Apremilast
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB130837
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL514800
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
1492727
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
CHEBI
78540
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
608141-41-9
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB05676
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
UP7QBP99PN
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
UP7QBP99PN
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000156798
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
4829
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C147044
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:13:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
Structure of APREMILAST
EXCRETED UNCHANGED
URINE
CAMP-SPECIFIC 3',5'-CYCLIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE PDE4B1
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
IC50
CAMP-SPECIFIC 3',5'-CYCLIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE PDE4D2
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
IC50
CAMP-SPECIFIC 3',5'-CYCLIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE PDE4C1
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
IC50
CAMP-SPECIFIC 3',5'-CYCLIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE PDE4B2
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
IC50
Structure of APREMILAST, (±)-
RACEMATE -> ENANTIOMER
CAMP-SPECIFIC 3',5'-CYCLIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE PDE4A1
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
Apremilast is a selective inhibitor of PDE4 that regulates inflammatory mediators.
COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
IC50
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-.ALPHA. HUMAN (PLASMA DERIVED, SOLUBLE FORM)
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
INHIBITS PDE4 AND INCREASES cAMP CONCENTRATION
INDIRECT
PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTION (HUMAN)
BINDER->LIGAND
BINDING
Related Record Type Details
Structure of N-DEACETYL-N-HYDROXYACETYL APREMILAST-O-GLUCURONIDE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
PLASMA; URINE
Structure of N-DEACETYL APREMILAST
METABOLITE -> PARENT
Metabolites M7 and M17,which were present at trace levels in plasma, did retain some PDE4 and TNF-.alpha. inhibition activity, with IC 50 values similar to those of apremilast.
FECAL
Structure of O-DEMETHYL APREMILAST GLUCURONIDE
METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT
MAJOR
PLASMA; URINE
Structure of 3-ACETAMIDOPHTHALIC ACID
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
FECAL
Structure of O-DEMETHYL-N-DEACETYL APREMILAST
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
FECAL
Structure of O-DEMETHYL-N-DEACETYL-N-HYDROXYACETYL APREMILAST
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
FECAL
Structure of N-DEACETYL-N-HYDROXYACETYL APREMILAST
METABOLITE -> PARENT
Metabolites M7 and M17,which were present at trace levels in plasma, did retain some PDE4 and TNF-.alpha. inhibition activity, with IC 50 values similar to those of apremilast.
FECAL; URINE
Structure of 2-(ACETYLAMINO)-6-((((1S)-1-(3-ETHOXY-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-(METHYLSULFONYL)ETHYL)AMINO)CARBONYL)BENZOIC ACID
METABOLITE -> PARENT
Major fecal
MAJOR
FECAL
Structure of O-DEETHYL APREMILAST-O-GLUCURONIDE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
PLASMA; URINE
Structure of O-DEMETHYL APREMILAST GLUCURONIDE
METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT
Structure of 4-((1S)-1-((3-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-CARBOXYBENZOYL)AMINO)-2-(METHYLSULFONYL)ETHYL)-2-ETHOXYPHENYL-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDURONIC ACID
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
URINE
Structure of 3-(2-HYDROXYACETAMIDO)PHTHALIC ACID
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
FECAL
Structure of O-DEMETHYL-N-DEACETYL APREMILAST-O-GLUCURONIDE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
PLASMA; URINE
Structure of O-DEMETHYL APREMILAST
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MINOR
FECAL
Related Record Type Details
Structure of APREMILAST
ACTIVE MOIETY
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
Volume of Distribution PHARMACOKINETIC
Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC
NIH
NCATS
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DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
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