ZONISAMIDE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C8H8N2O3S
Molecular Weight	212.226
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NS(=O)(=O)CC1=NOC2=C1C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8N2O3S/c9-14(11,12)5-7-6-3-1-2-4-8(6)13-10-7/h1-4H,5H2,(H2,9,11,12)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C8H8N2O3S
Molecular Weight	212.226
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including

Zonisamide is an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents. The precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed that the drug blocks sodium and calcium channels, which leads to the suppression of neuronal hypersynchronization (i.e. convulsions). Sonisamide has also been found to potentiate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission but does not appear to potentiate syanptic activity by GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). Zonisamide binds to sodium channels and voltage sensitive calcium channels, which suppresses neuronal depolarization and hypersynchronization. Zonisamide also inhibits carbonic anhydrase to a weaker extent, but such an effect is not thought to contribute substantially to the drug's anticonvulsant activity. Zonisamide is approved in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults and in Japan for both adjunctive and monotherapy for partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized), generalized (tonic, tonic-clonic (grand mal), and atypical absence) and combined seizures.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Sodium channel alpha subunit 72 Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15511691 \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00909	Inhibitor 8504
Carbonic anhydrase II 88 Target ID: CHEMBL205 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882523	Inhibitor 8504	35.0 nM [Ki]
Carbonic anhydrase I 62 Target ID: CHEMBL261 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882523	Inhibitor 8504	56.0 nM [Ki]
Monoamine oxidase B 75 Target ID: CHEMBL2039 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948168	Inhibitor 8504	25.0 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Epilepsy 121 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020789s022s025lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8583	ZONEGRAN Approved Use ZONEGRAN is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. Launch Date 2000

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
18.4 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15496640	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
197.4 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15496640	100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
63 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020789s012lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
60% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020789s012lbl.pdf	unknown, oral		ZONISAMIDE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
7.5 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 7.5 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 7.5 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	unhealthy, 15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	Other AEs: Coma... Other AEs: Coma (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631
8.7 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 8.7 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 8.7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	unhealthy, 20 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 20 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	Other AEs: Emesis... Other AEs: Emesis (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261
12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	Other AEs: Vomiting, Somnolence... Other AEs: Vomiting (1%) Somnolence (1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
300 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 300 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425	unhealthy, 35 years (range: 17.9-64.1 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35 years (range: 17.9-64.1 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144425
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Somnolence, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Somnolence (6%) Fatigue (6%) Ataxia (6%) Anorexia (3%) Attention concentration difficulty (2%) Memory impairment (2%) Mental retardation (2%) Nausea (2%) Vomiting (2%) Weight loss (1%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Coma	1%	7.5 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 7.5 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 7.5 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631	unhealthy, 15 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 15 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27749631
Emesis	1%	8.7 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 8.7 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 8.7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261	unhealthy, 20 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 20 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21467261
Somnolence	1%	12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
Vomiting	1%	12.6 g single, oral Overdose Dose: 12.6 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12.6 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969	unhealthy, 25 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 25 years Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21463969
Weight loss	1% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Attention concentration difficulty	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Memory impairment	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Mental retardation	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Nausea	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Vomiting	2% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Anorexia	3% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Ataxia	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Fatigue	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf
Somnolence	6% Disc. AE	100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20789lbl.pdf

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1946 inhibitor 2252	inhibitor 2438	inhibitor 2507

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 2153 CYP2A6 879 CYP2B6 926 CYP2C8 1057 CYP2E1 1060 P-gp 1741 UGT 45 BSEP 550 MRP2 499 MRP3 246 MRP4 290 CYP2C19 2057	UGT 219 P-gp 2052 BCRP 697 CYP3A5 446 CYP2C19 1119	CYP 74 UGT 32

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
BSEP 554	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP2 625	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP3 326	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
MRP4 345	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23956101/	no [IC50 >133 uM]
CYP 150	inducer 1966 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
UGT 70	inducer 1966 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
UGT 70	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	no
P-gp 1932	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=4 Page: (Label) 4	weak [IC50 267 uM]
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 3, (PMDA_I100) 20	weak [Ki 1076 uM]
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2B6 1160	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C8 1117	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3	weak	yes (co-administration study) Comment: <25% inhibition at levels approximately two-fold or greater than clinically relevant unbound serum concentrations. ; Coadministration of multiple dosing of zonisamide did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of desipramine (CYP2D6 substrate). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=3 Page: (Label) 3

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
CYP3A4 1946	substrate 4014 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=2 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 2, (PMDA_I100) 20	major [Km 312 uM]	yes (co-administration study) Comment: The half-life of zonisamide following a 400 mg dose in patients concurrently on enzyme-inducing AEDs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbital was between 27-38 hours (46 hr on the non-enzyme inducing AED, valproate). Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020789s036lbl.pdf#page=2 \| https://www.pmda.go.jp/drugs/2009/P200900005/400093000_22100AMX00397000_I100_1.pdf#page=20 Page: (Label) 2, (PMDA_I100) 20
CYP3A5 446	substrate 4014 Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00909 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9626925/	minor [Km 179 uM]
CYP2C19 1119	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11996015/ \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9626925/	minor [Km 188 uM]
BCRP 697	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307160/	yes
P-gp 2052	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997908/	yes
UGT 219	substrate 4014 Sources: https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Zonegran-zonisamide-2237	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:10127	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:10127
ChemicalBook	CB0252441	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0252441
eMolecules	902702	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=902702
MolPort	MolPort-002-507-855	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-507-855
Selleck Chemicals	Zonisamide	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Zonisamide.html
ZINC	ZINC000000004321	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000004321

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Acute zonisamide overdose: a death revisited.	2003-06	12776795
Therapeutic drug monitoring of the newer antiepileptic drugs.	2003-06	12766564
The effect of systemic zonisamide (Zonegran) on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in rats with an experimental mononeuropathy.	2003-06	12761000
[A five-year-old girl with epilepsy showing forced normalization due to zonisamide].	2003-05	12755059
Zonisamide for weight loss in obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.	2003-04-09	12684361
Oligohydrosis and hyperthermia: pilot study of a novel topiramate adverse effect.	2003-04	12760427
Effects of chronic administration of zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, on bone mineral density and their prevention with alfacalcidol in growing rats.	2003-04	12719660
New migraine preventive options: an update with pathophysiological considerations.	2003-03-04	12612763
Oligohydrosis and fever in pediatric patients treated with zonisamide.	2003-03	12770670
Effects of valproate, phenytoin, and zonisamide on clonic and tonic seizures induced by acute and repeated exposure of mice to flurothyl.	2003-03	12676283
Treating bipolar depression.	2003-03	12676079
Review of the newer antiepileptic drugs.	2003-03	12643343
Therapeutics in pediatric epilepsy, Part 1: The new antiepileptic drugs and the ketogenic diet.	2003-03	12630590
Zonisamide-induced restless legs syndrome.	2003-01-14	12525743
Effects of concomitant antiepileptic drugs on serum carbamazepine concentration in epileptic patients: quantitative analysis based on extracellular water volume as a transforming factor.	2003-01	12607943
Visual hallucinations associated with zonisamide.	2003-01	12523465
Clinical care of pregnant women with epilepsy: neural tube defects and folic acid supplementation.	2003	12790884
Selection criteria for the clinical use of the newer antiepileptic drugs.	2003	12697000
Exocytosis mechanism as a new targeting site for mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs.	2002-12-20	12467887
Combining lithium and anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder: a review.	2002-12	12630658
Antiepileptic drug therapy for adults: when to initiate and how to choose.	2002-12	12479527
Antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant drugs induce type II nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat brain.	2002-11-29	12429386
New antiepileptic drug therapies.	2002-11	12616686
Zonisamide treatment of bipolar disorder: a case report.	2002-11	12500762
A casuistic rationale for the treatment of spastic and myocloni in a childhood neurodegenerative disease: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis of the type Jansky-Bielschowsky.	2002-10-11	12500158
[A case of bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria with epileptic attacks of focal inhibitory seizure followed by complex partial seizure].	2002-10	12739383
Newer GABAergic agents for pharmacotherapy of infantile spasms.	2002-10	12582452
Kidney stones, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and the ketogenic diet.	2002-10	12366731
Selective mutism and obsessive compulsive disorders associated with zonisamide.	2002-10	12237077
Antiepileptic drug use during the first 12 months of vagus nerve stimulation therapy: a registry study.	2002-09-24	12270967
Use of anticonvulsants for treatment of neuropathic pain.	2002-09-10	12221151
[Monitoring serum levels of new antiepileptics].	2002-09	12373664
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Sixth Eilat Conference (EILAT VI).	2002-09	12350382
[Urolithiasis induced by combined ACTH and zonisamide treatment in a patient with startle induced epilepsy].	2002-09	12233054
Randomized controlled trial of zonisamide for the treatment of partial-onset seizures.	2002-06-11	12058113
Long-term response to zonisamide in patients with West syndrome.	2002-05-28	12034801
Medical treatment of patients with infantile spasms.	2002-05-01	11981230
Clobazam shows a different antiepileptic action profile from clonazepam and zonisamide in Ihara epileptic rats.	2002-05	12076840
The 'number needed to treat' with levetiracetam (LEV): comparison with the other new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).	2002-04	12185762
Third generation anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder: a review of efficacy and summary of clinical recommendations.	2002-04	12000201
New antiepileptic drugs.	2002-03	12803693
Some common issues in the use of antiepileptic drugs.	2002-03	12170391
Oral high-dose phenobarbital therapy for early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.	2002-03	11955931
Pharmacokinetics of mood stabilizers and new anticonvulsants.	2002	12397847
Protein-losing cytomegalovirus gastritis in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2002	12239465
New and emerging prophylactic agents for migraine.	2002	12153333
Treatment of epilepsy in women of reproductive age: pharmacokinetic considerations.	2002	12102641
Zonisamide add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.	2002	12076409
[Clinical features and treatment of refractory epilepsy in children].	2001-12	12235805
A solvent used for antiepileptic drugs increases serum and brain zonisamide concentrations in seizure-susceptible el mice.	2001-08	12609213

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

ZONEGRAN (zonisamide) is recommended as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 16 have not been established. ZONEGRAN should be administered once or twice daily, using 25 mg or 100 mg capsules. ZONEGRAN is given orally and can be taken with or without food. Capsules should be swallowed whole.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

In vitro studies have demonstrated that zonisamide (10–30 ug/mL) suppresses synaptically-driven electrical activity without affecting postsynaptic GABA or glutamate responses (cultured mouse spinal cord neurons) or neuronal or glial uptake of [3H]-GABA (rat hippocampal slices).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:34:25 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:34:25 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	459384H98V
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ZONISAMIDE

Official Name

English

EXCEGRAN

Preferred Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ZONISADE

Brand Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [EMA EPAR]

Common Name

English

AD-810

Code

English

CI-912

Code

English

N03AX15

Code

English

1,2-BENZISOXAZOLE-3-METHANESULFONAMIDE

Systematic Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [USAN]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

ZONEGRAN

Brand Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

zonisamide [INN]

Common Name

English

Zonisamide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

PD-110843

Code

English

ZONISAMIDE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

ZONISAMIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-ATC

N03AX15