SOTALOL

Details

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Molecular Formula	C12H20N2O3S
Molecular Weight	272.364
Optical Activity	( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=ZBMZVLHSJCTVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H20N2O3S/c1-9(2)13-8-12(15)10-4-6-11(7-5-10)14-18(3,16)17/h4-7,9,12-15H,8H2,1-3H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C12H20N2O3S
Molecular Weight	272.364
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	( + / - )

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: https://www.drugs.com/mtm/sotalol.html http://www.rxlist.com/betapace-drug.htm http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sotalol

Sotalol has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking and cardiac action potential duration prolongation antiarrhythmic properties. Sotalol inhibits response to adrenergic stimuli by competitively blocking β1-adrenergic receptors within the myocardium and β2-adrenergic receptors within bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. It is FDA approved for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, symptomatic atrial fibtillation, symptomatic atriall flutter. Common adverse reactions include bradyarrhythmia, chest pain, lightheadedness, palpitations, rash, nausea, dizziness, headache, dyspnea, fatigue. Proarrhythmic events were more common in sotalol treated patients also receiving digoxin. Sotalol should be administered with caution in conjunction with calcium blocking drugs because of possible additive effects on atrioventricular conduction or ventricular function. Patients treated with sotalol plus a catecholamine depletor should therefore be closely monitored for evidence of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia which may produce syncope.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 163 Target ID: CHEMBL213 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2865685 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11815381 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19259968 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060759 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095397	Antagonist 2849	5.31 null [pKi]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 209 Target ID: CHEMBL210 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2865685 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19259968 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095397	Antagonist 2849	141.0 nM [Kd]
HERG 99 Target ID: CHEMBL240 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090546	Blocker 555

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Ventricular arrhythmia 50 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	BETAPACE Approved Use Oral sotalol hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, that in the judgment of the physician are life-threatening. Because of the proarrhythmic effects of sotalol (see WARNINGS ), including a 1.5 to 2% rate of torsade de pointes or new VT/VF in patients with either NSVT or supraventricular arrhythmias, its use in patients with less severe arrhythmias, even if the patients are symptomatic, is generally not recommended. Treatment of patients with asymptomatic ventricular premature contractions should be avoided. Initiation of sotalol treatment or increasing doses, as with other antiarrhythmic agents used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, should be carried out in the hospital. The response to treatment should then be evaluated by a suitable method (e.g., PES or Holter monitoring) prior to continuing the patient on chronic therapy. Various approaches have been used to determine the response to antiarrhythmic therapy, including sotalol. In the ESVEM Trial, response by Holter monitoring was tentatively defined as 100% suppression of ventricular tachycardia, 90% suppression of non-sustained VT, 80% suppression of paired VPCs, and 75% suppression of total VPCs in patients who had at least 10 VPCs/hour at baseline; this tentative response was confirmed if VT lasting 5 or more beats was not observed during treadmill exercise testing using a standard Bruce protocol. The PES protocol utilized a maximum of three extrastimuli at three pacing cycle lengths and two right ventricular pacing sites. Response by PES was defined as prevention of induction of the following: 1) monomorphic VT lasting over 15 seconds; 2) non-sustained polymorphic VT containing more than 15 beats of monomorphic VT in patients with a history of monomorphic VT; 3) polymorphic VT or VF greater than 15 beats in patients with VF or a history of aborted sudden death without monomorphic VT; and 4) two episodes of polymorphic VT or VF of greater than 15 beats in a patient presenting with monomorphic VT. Sustained VT or NSVT producing hypotension during the final treadmill test was considered a drug failure. In a multicenter open-label long-term study of sotalol in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias which had proven refractory to other antiarrhythmic medications, response by Holter monitoring was defined as in ESVEM. Response by PES was defined as non-inducibility of sustained VT by at least double extrastimuli delivered at a pacing cycle length of 400 msec. Overall survival and arrhythmia recurrence rates in this study were similar to those seen in ESVEM, although there was no comparative group to allow a definitive assessment of outcome. Antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown to enhance survival in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol is also indicated for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm [delay in time to recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AFIB/AFL) Launch Date 1992
Atrial fibrillation 131 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	BETAPACE Approved Use Oral sotalol hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, that in the judgment of the physician are life-threatening. Because of the proarrhythmic effects of sotalol (see WARNINGS ), including a 1.5 to 2% rate of torsade de pointes or new VT/VF in patients with either NSVT or supraventricular arrhythmias, its use in patients with less severe arrhythmias, even if the patients are symptomatic, is generally not recommended. Treatment of patients with asymptomatic ventricular premature contractions should be avoided. Initiation of sotalol treatment or increasing doses, as with other antiarrhythmic agents used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, should be carried out in the hospital. The response to treatment should then be evaluated by a suitable method (e.g., PES or Holter monitoring) prior to continuing the patient on chronic therapy. Various approaches have been used to determine the response to antiarrhythmic therapy, including sotalol. In the ESVEM Trial, response by Holter monitoring was tentatively defined as 100% suppression of ventricular tachycardia, 90% suppression of non-sustained VT, 80% suppression of paired VPCs, and 75% suppression of total VPCs in patients who had at least 10 VPCs/hour at baseline; this tentative response was confirmed if VT lasting 5 or more beats was not observed during treadmill exercise testing using a standard Bruce protocol. The PES protocol utilized a maximum of three extrastimuli at three pacing cycle lengths and two right ventricular pacing sites. Response by PES was defined as prevention of induction of the following: 1) monomorphic VT lasting over 15 seconds; 2) non-sustained polymorphic VT containing more than 15 beats of monomorphic VT in patients with a history of monomorphic VT; 3) polymorphic VT or VF greater than 15 beats in patients with VF or a history of aborted sudden death without monomorphic VT; and 4) two episodes of polymorphic VT or VF of greater than 15 beats in a patient presenting with monomorphic VT. Sustained VT or NSVT producing hypotension during the final treadmill test was considered a drug failure. In a multicenter open-label long-term study of sotalol in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias which had proven refractory to other antiarrhythmic medications, response by Holter monitoring was defined as in ESVEM. Response by PES was defined as non-inducibility of sustained VT by at least double extrastimuli delivered at a pacing cycle length of 400 msec. Overall survival and arrhythmia recurrence rates in this study were similar to those seen in ESVEM, although there was no comparative group to allow a definitive assessment of outcome. Antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown to enhance survival in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol is also indicated for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm [delay in time to recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AFIB/AFL) Launch Date 1992
Atrial flutter 6 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	BETAPACE Approved Use Oral sotalol hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, that in the judgment of the physician are life-threatening. Because of the proarrhythmic effects of sotalol (see WARNINGS ), including a 1.5 to 2% rate of torsade de pointes or new VT/VF in patients with either NSVT or supraventricular arrhythmias, its use in patients with less severe arrhythmias, even if the patients are symptomatic, is generally not recommended. Treatment of patients with asymptomatic ventricular premature contractions should be avoided. Initiation of sotalol treatment or increasing doses, as with other antiarrhythmic agents used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, should be carried out in the hospital. The response to treatment should then be evaluated by a suitable method (e.g., PES or Holter monitoring) prior to continuing the patient on chronic therapy. Various approaches have been used to determine the response to antiarrhythmic therapy, including sotalol. In the ESVEM Trial, response by Holter monitoring was tentatively defined as 100% suppression of ventricular tachycardia, 90% suppression of non-sustained VT, 80% suppression of paired VPCs, and 75% suppression of total VPCs in patients who had at least 10 VPCs/hour at baseline; this tentative response was confirmed if VT lasting 5 or more beats was not observed during treadmill exercise testing using a standard Bruce protocol. The PES protocol utilized a maximum of three extrastimuli at three pacing cycle lengths and two right ventricular pacing sites. Response by PES was defined as prevention of induction of the following: 1) monomorphic VT lasting over 15 seconds; 2) non-sustained polymorphic VT containing more than 15 beats of monomorphic VT in patients with a history of monomorphic VT; 3) polymorphic VT or VF greater than 15 beats in patients with VF or a history of aborted sudden death without monomorphic VT; and 4) two episodes of polymorphic VT or VF of greater than 15 beats in a patient presenting with monomorphic VT. Sustained VT or NSVT producing hypotension during the final treadmill test was considered a drug failure. In a multicenter open-label long-term study of sotalol in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias which had proven refractory to other antiarrhythmic medications, response by Holter monitoring was defined as in ESVEM. Response by PES was defined as non-inducibility of sustained VT by at least double extrastimuli delivered at a pacing cycle length of 400 msec. Overall survival and arrhythmia recurrence rates in this study were similar to those seen in ESVEM, although there was no comparative group to allow a definitive assessment of outcome. Antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown to enhance survival in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol is also indicated for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm [delay in time to recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AFIB/AFL) Launch Date 1992

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
781 ng/mL OTHER GOV https://www.geneesmiddeleninformatiebank.nl/Pars/h33884.pdf	80 mg single, oral dose: 80 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SOTALOL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10402 ng × h/mL OTHER GOV https://www.geneesmiddeleninformatiebank.nl/Pars/h33884.pdf	80 mg single, oral dose: 80 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SOTALOL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
12 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019865s020lbl.pdf	160 mg single, oral dose: 160 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		SOTALOL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
60 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 60 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 60 mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29954667/	unhealthy, 31.8 years (range: 10-67 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 31.8 years (range: 10-67 years) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29954667/	Disc. AE: Lethargy, Bradycardia... Other AEs: Hypotension, Loss of taste... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Lethargy (13 patients) Bradycardia (11 patient) Bronchospasm (6 patients) Nausea and vomiting (2 patients) Erectile dysfunction (2 patients) Visual disturbance (1 patient) Depression (1 patient) Other AEs: Hypotension (1 patient) Loss of taste (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29954667/
640 mg/day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 640 mg/day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 640 mg/day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Chest pain, Dyspnea... Other AEs: Chest pain (15.4%) Dyspnea (20.5%) Palpitation (5.1%) Vasodilation (5.1%) Asthenia (20.5%) Dizziness (17.9%) Fatigue (25.6%) Headache (7.7%) Light-headed (5.1%) Sleep problem (7.7%) Upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (12.8%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf
240 mg/day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 240 mg/day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Bradycardia, Diarrhea... Other AEs: Bradycardia (13.1%) Diarrhea (5.2%) Nausea and vomiting (7.8%) Abdominal pain NOS (3.9%) Fatigue (19.6%) Hyperhidrosis (5.2%) Weakness (5.2%) Musculoskeletal pain (2.6%) Dizziness (16.3%) Headache (3.3%) Cough (3.3%) Dyspnea (9.2%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf
320 mg/day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 320 mg/day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 320 mg/day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Chest pain, Dyspnea... Other AEs: Chest pain (7.9%) Dyspnea (18.4%) Palpitation (7.9%) Asthenia (10.5%) Dizziness (13.2%) Fatigue (26.3%) Headache (5.3%) Light-headed (15.8%) Sleep problem (2.6%) Upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (2.6%) Visual disturbance NOS (5.3%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf
320 mg/day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 320 mg/day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 320 mg/day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Bradycardia, Diarrhea... Other AEs: Bradycardia (12.3%) Diarrhea (5.7%) Nausea and vomiting (5.7%) Abdominal pain NOS (2.5%) Fatigue (18.9%) Hyperhidrosis (4.9%) Weakness (4.9%) Musculoskeletal pain (4.1%) Dizziness (13.1%) Headache (11.5%) Cough (2.5%) Dyspnea (9.8%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019865s021lbl.pdf

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
activator 150 inhibitor 2252	activator 23 inhibitor 2438	inhibitor 2507	inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OATP1B1 1079 P-gp 1741 CYP1A2 2153 CYP2A6 879 CYP2B6 926 CYP2C8 1057 CYP2C19 2057 CYP2E1 1060	P-gp 2052

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2B6 1160	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C8 1117	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16890411/	no [IC50 >100 uM]
BCRP 985	supressor 160 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26118109/	no
CYP1A2 2333	activator 342 Sources: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/cyp-validation-project-report.pdf	no
CYP2B6 1160	activator 342 Sources: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/cyp-validation-project-report.pdf	no
CYP2C9 2497	activator 342 Sources: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/cyp-validation-project-report.pdf	no
CYP3A4 2633	activator 342 Sources: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/cyp-validation-project-report.pdf	no
P-gp 1932	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16671962/	no
OATP1B1 1095	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21861202/	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
P-gp 2052	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16671962/	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11090546/

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:63622	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63622
ChemicalBook	CB6277510	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB6277510
eMolecules	31227958	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=31227958
MolPort	MolPort-002-042-381	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-042-381

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Preconditioning attenuates the shortening of recovery during coronary occlusion in isolated rabbit hearts with D-sotalol-induced long QT intervals.	2002-05	11973421
Amiodarone vs. sotalol as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation/flutter after heart surgery: a meta-analysis.	2002-04	11948054
Dauricine-induced changes in monophasic action potentials and effective refractory period of rabbit left ventricle in situ.	2002-04	11931697
Maintainance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation.	2002-04	11922651
Unique topographical distribution of M cells underlies reentrant mechanism of torsade de pointes in the long-QT syndrome.	2002-03-12	11889021
[Advanced prehospital treatment of heart arrest by the mobile emergency unit in Aarhus. 1-year survival after out-of-hospital heart arrest--with focus on response time, survival, the given treatment and admission].	2002-03-04	11894426
[Sudden cardiac death (part 2)].	2002-03	11968585
Antidysrhythmic agents at the turn of the twenty-first century: a current review.	2002-03	11939645
Prenatal ultrasound may predict fetal response to therapy in non-hydropic fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia.	2002-02-15	11844918
Flecainide and sotalol: a new combination therapy for refractory supraventricular tachycardia in children <1 year of age.	2002-02-06	11823091
[Why is QT interval interesting?].	2002-02-04	11851179
An improved HPLC-fluorescence stereoselective method for analysis of (+)-S- and (-)-R-sotalol enantiomers in plasma sample.	2002-02-02	11822237
New antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.	2002-02	11916001
Proarrhythmic effects of intravenous quinidine, amiodarone, D-sotalol, and almokalant in the anesthetized rabbit model of torsade de pointes.	2002-02	11791015
[Ventricular tachycardia associated with isolated right ventricular dysfunction as indicator of arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle].	2002-01-25	11806036
Rapid determination of partition coefficients between n-octanol/water for cardiovascular therapies.	2002-01-10	11782815
Combination IK1 and IKr channel blockade: no additive lowering of the defibrillation threshold.	2002-01	11911222
The cellular electrophysiologic effect of a new amiodarone like antiarrhythmic drug GYKI 16638 in undiseased human ventricular muscle: comparison with sotalol and mexiletine.	2002-01	11860346
New use of antiarrhythmia drugs in Saskatchewan.	2002-01	11826328
Comparison of the affinity of beta-blockers for two states of the beta 1-adrenoceptor in ferret ventricular myocardium.	2002-01	11815381
Electrophysiologic characterization of the antipsychotic drug sertindole in a rabbit heart model of torsade de pointes: low torsadogenic potential despite QT prolongation.	2002-01	11752098
Standardised in vitro electrophysiologic measurements using isolated perfused porcine hearts--assessment of QT interval alterations.	2002	11927976
Drug treatment of fetal tachycardias.	2002	11817986
[Atrial fibrillation successfully converted. A new standard in the prevention of recurrence?].	2001-12-13	11824159
[Current management of patients with ventricular tachycardia].	2001-12-04	11729615
[Chronic hepatitis ascribed to the use of sotalol].	2001-12-01	11766306
A case series of drug-induced long QT syndrome and Torsade de Pointes.	2001-12	11989578
A multicentre, double-blind randomized crossover comparative study on the efficacy and safety of dofetilide vs sotalol in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia and ischaemic heart disease.	2001-12	11913480
Amplified effects of d,l-sotalol in canine dilated cardiomyopathy.	2001-12	11817813
Control of heart rate during thermoregulation in the heliothermic lizard Pogona barbata: importance of cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms.	2001-12	11815660
Cellular basis for complex T waves and arrhythmic activity following combined I(Kr) and I(Ks) block.	2001-12	11797994
A review of class III antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation: maintenance of normal sinus rhythm.	2001-12	11765303
Effect of metoprolol and d,l-sotalol on microvolt-level T-wave alternans. Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized study.	2001-12	11738309
Sotalol in treatment of pediatric cardiac arrhythmias.	2001-12	11737739
(+/-)-sotalol alters neither the shape of the T wave downslope nor the U wave; a magnetocardiographic study.	2001-12	11736887
Amiodarone -- waxed and waned and waxed again.	2001-11	11825323
Scavenger effect of experimental and clinically used cardiovascular drugs.	2001-11	11602821
Are drugs and catheter ablation effective for treating ventricular arrhythmias in populations that cannot afford implantable cardioverter defibrillators?	2001-11	11602076
Is it rational, reasonable or excessive, and consistently applied? One view of the increasing FDA emphasis on safety first for the release and use of antiarrhythmic drugs for supraventricular arrhythmias.	2001-10	11907635
Effect of Sotalol in the prevention of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting.	2001-10	11692587
Influence of age, the autonomic nervous system and anxiety on QT-interval variability.	2001-10	11566081
Pharmacologic conversion of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of available evidence.	2001-09-25	11568824
Long-term efficacy and safety of propafenone and sotalol for the maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation.	2001-09-15	11564387
Multi-morphology wide QRS tachycardias in a patient without structural heart disease: an unusual presentation of ventricular tachycardia.	2001-09	11804305
Dual-site atrial pacing for atrial fibrillation in patients without bradycardia.	2001-08-15	11545756
Importance of QT interval determination and renal function assessment during antiarrhythmic drug therapy.	2001-04	11509917
CIBIS, MERIT-HF, and COPERNICUS trial outcomes: do they complete the chapter on beta-adrenergic blockers as antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory drugs?	2001-04	11509916
Global distribution of atrial ectopic foci triggering recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia after electrical cardioversion of long-standing atrial fibrillation: a bi-atrial basket mapping study.	2001-03-01	11693769
Therapeutic drug monitoring: antiarrhythmic drugs.	2001	11564050
[Effect of sotalol on systemic hemodynamics and electrophysiology in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias].	1999-01	11798623

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Initial dosage in adults is 80 mg twice daily. Increase the dose as needed in increments of 80 mg/day, every 3 days to a maximum 320 mg total daily dose.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Sotalol caused significant stimulation of neutrophil motility at concentrations of more than 10−4 M.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:43:08 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Wed Apr 02 09:43:08 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	A6D97U294I
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

Download

Name

Type

Language

SOTALOL

Official Name

English

DAROB MITE

Preferred Name

English

METHANESULFONANILIDE, 4'-(1-HYDROXY-2-(ISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)-

Systematic Name

English

(±)-SOTALOL

Common Name

English

4'-(1-HYDROXY-2-(ISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)METHANESULFONANILIDE

Systematic Name

English

METHANESULFONAMIDE, N-(4-(1-HYDROXY-2-((1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)PHENYL)-

Systematic Name

English

sotalol [INN]

Common Name

English

N-(4-(1-HYDROXY-2-((1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)PHENYL)METHANESULFONAMIDE

Systematic Name

English

C07AA07

Code

English

DL-4-(2-ISOPROPYLAMINO-1-HYDROXYETHYL)METHANESULFONANILIDE

Common Name

English

SOTALOL [MI]

Common Name

English

BETA-CARDONE

Common Name

English

SOTALOL [VANDF]

Common Name

English

DL-SOTALOL

Common Name

English

Sotalol [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QC07AA57