Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H17N3O6S |
| Molecular Weight | 307.323 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6S/c11-5(10(18)19)1-2-7(14)13-6(4-20)9(17)12-3-8(15)16/h5-6,20H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,17)(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1
| Molecular Formula | C10H17N3O6S |
| Molecular Weight | 307.323 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3ef475c9-7938-4870-b336-fb0c2dafb3cd | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01450267
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3ef475c9-7938-4870-b336-fb0c2dafb3cd | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01450267
Glutathione (GSH, also called as reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes such as, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins. Glutathione S-transferases catalyse the conjugation of GSH via a sulfhydryl group to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates in order to make the compounds more water-soluble. As a part of homeopathic product, glutathione is used for temporary relief of symptoms related to Free Radical Toxicity including tingling in hands and feet, mood changes, frequent colds, poor digestion, fatigue, and constipation. In addition, for temporary relief of pain in the back from urinating, constant urging and frequent urination, kidneys sensitive to pressure, and pain from back extending down the thigh. Glutathione is an important nutrient for brain function and loss of glutathione has been implicated in Parkinson's disease. In phase II of the clinical trial was investigated whether administration of either dose of glutathione, as a nasal spray, improves PD symptoms over time in a population of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition in phase II of clinical trial was shown, that reduced glutathione, an ingredient of RayGel™, has been helpful in decreasing some radiation therapy side effects to the skin. Reduced glutathione plays a vital role in both making DNA and cell repair. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease among the Caucasian population with considerable morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Glutathione (GSH) represents the first-line defence of the lung against oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Therapeutic approaches with inhaled GSH could improve the reduced lung antioxidant capacity in order to counterbalance the oxidant stress linked to the chronic airway inflammation and bacterial infection.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Glutathione S-transferases Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4436301 |
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Target ID: P00390 Gene ID: 2936.0 Gene Symbol: GSR Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
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Target ID: Glutathione peroxidases Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036594 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| A rice functional transcriptional activator, RISBZ1, responsible for endosperm-specific expression of storage protein genes through GCN4 motif. | 2001-04-27 |
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| Direct interaction between endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and dynamin-2. Implications for nitric-oxide synthase function. | 2001-04-27 |
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| Perturbation of the pore of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibits its atpase activity. | 2001-04-13 |
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| A conserved docking site in MEKs mediates high-affinity binding to MAP kinases and cooperates with a scaffold protein to enhance signal transmission. | 2001-03-30 |
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| Structural properties and mechanisms that govern association of C kinase adapter 1 with protein kinase C3 and the cell periphery. | 2001-03-30 |
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| Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors interacts with octamer transcription factor-1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor. | 2001-03-30 |
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| Carbon dioxide stimulates the production of thiyl, sulfinyl, and disulfide radical anion from thiol oxidation by peroxynitrite. | 2001-03-30 |
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| CyaG, a novel cyanobacterial adenylyl cyclase and a possible ancestor of mammalian guanylyl cyclases. | 2001-03-30 |
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| Functional characterization of and cooperation between the double-stranded RNA-binding motifs of the protein kinase PKR. | 2001-03-30 |
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| A direct inhibitory role for the Rab3-specific effector, Noc2, in Ca2+-regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. | 2001-03-30 |
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| Epilysin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-28) expressed in testis and keratinocytes and in response to injury. | 2001-03-30 |
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| The cytosolic O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase gene is regulated by heavy metals and can function in cadmium tolerance. | 2001-03-23 |
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| gamma -glutamyltransferase and its isoform mediate an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. | 2001-03-23 |
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| Enhanced multispecificity of arabidopsis vacuolar multidrug resistance-associated protein-type ATP-binding cassette transporter, AtMRP2. | 2001-03-23 |
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| Role of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione S-transferase A1-1 in alkylating agent resistance. Kinetics of glutathione conjugate formation and efflux govern differential cellular sensitivity to chlorambucil versus melphalan toxicity. | 2001-03-16 |
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| Assembly of scaffold-mediated complexes containing Cdc42p, the exchange factor Cdc24p, and the effector Cla4p required for cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Cdc24p. | 2001-03-09 |
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| Hrs interacts with sorting nexin 1 and regulates degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. | 2001-03-09 |
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| Interaction with p53 enhances binding of cisplatin-modified DNA by high mobility group 1 protein. | 2001-03-09 |
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| The modulation of oxygen radical production by nitric oxide in mitochondria. | 2001-03-09 |
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| Hierarchy of merlin and ezrin N- and C-terminal domain interactions in homo- and heterotypic associations and their relationship to binding of scaffolding proteins EBP50 and E3KARP. | 2001-03-09 |
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| Characterization of transsulfuration and cysteine biosynthetic pathways in the protozoan hemoflagellate, Trypanosoma cruzi. Isolation and molecular characterization of cystathionine beta-synthase and serine acetyltransferase from Trypanosoma. | 2001-03-02 |
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| WD repeat domains target dictyostelium myosin heavy chain kinases by binding directly to myosin filaments. | 2001-03-02 |
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| Localization of the C-terminus of rat glutathione S-transferase A1-1: crystal structure of mutants W21F and W21F/F220Y. | 2001-02-01 |
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| Catalase in astroglia-rich primary cultures from rat brain: immunocytochemical localization and inactivation during the disposal of hydrogen peroxide. | 2001-01-12 |
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| Tamoxifen mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in livers of lambda/lacI transgenic rats: selective influence of phenobarbital promotion. | 2001-01-10 |
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| The intracellular oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin in murine T lymphocytes. | 2001-01-01 |
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| Thiols can either enhance or suppress DNA damage induction by catecholestrogens. | 2001-01-01 |
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| Superoxide radical-initiated apoptotic signalling pathway in selenite-treated HepG(2) cells: mitochondria serve as the main target. | 2001-01-01 |
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| Differential effects of bcl-2 on cell death triggered under ATP-depleting conditions. | 2001-01-01 |
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| Evidence for the presence of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in human platelets: implications for its involvement in the regulatory network of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. | 2001-01-01 |
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| High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes. | 2001-01 |
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| Effects of phenytoin on glutathione status and oxidative stress biomarker gene mRNA levels in cultured precision human liver slices. | 2001-01 |
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| The activity of NF-kappaB in Swiss 3T3 cells exposed to aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke is dependent on thioredoxin. | 2001-01 |
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| Ochratoxin A-induced tumor formation: is there a role of reactive ochratoxin A metabolites? | 2001-01 |
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| Dual effects of nitric oxide in functional and regressing rat corpus luteum. | 2001-01 |
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| Effects of dietary supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid on early glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus. | 2001-01 |
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| Major changes in human ocular UV protection with age. | 2001-01 |
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| Dose response of carboplatin-induced hearing loss in rats: antioxidant defense system. | 2001-01 |
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| Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in goldfish Carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. | 2001-01 |
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| Overcoming drug resistance in ovarian carcinoma. | 2001-01 |
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| Cellular thiols and reactive oxygen species in drug-induced apoptosis. | 2001-01 |
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| Glutathione attenuates coronary constriction to acetylcholine in patients with coronary spastic angina. | 2001-01 |
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| Glutathione in disease. | 2001-01 |
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| Greater susceptibility of failing cardiac myocytes to oxygen free radical-mediated injury. | 2001-01 |
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| Glutathione in induced sputum of healthy individuals and patients with asthma. | 2001-01 |
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| Antioxidant modulation in response to metal-induced oxidative stress in algal chloroplasts. | 2001-01 |
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| The effect of mercury and PCBs on organisms from lower trophic levels of a Georgia salt marsh. | 2001-01 |
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| Homocysteine and thiol metabolites in vitamin B12 deficiency. | 2001-01 |
|
| Contribution of the mesangium to elastic strength and anchorage of the glomerular capillary tuft. | 2001 |
|
| Preventive effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on selenite-induced opacity in cultured rat lenses. | 2000-12-15 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
For temporary relief of symptoms related to Free Radical Toxicity: 1-10 drops under the tongue, 3 times a day or as directed by a health professional. Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.
pain in the back from urinating: 10 drops orally, 3 times a day. Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.
Breast Cancer: RayGel Topical Cream applied in thin layer to the area exposed to radiation 60-90 minutes prior to radiotherapy, standard skin care between treatments.
Cystic Fibrosis: Inhaled Reduced Glutathione 10 mg/kg, twice daily, 12 months
Route of Administration:
Other
| Substance Class |
Chemical
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| Record UNII |
GAN16C9B8O
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Validated (UNII)
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LOINC |
57005-1
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
303410
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LOINC |
91685-8
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DSLD |
1621 (Number of products:627)
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WHO-VATC |
QV03AB32
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
77493
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LOINC |
16918-5
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LOINC |
65363-4
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
545816
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C275
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
311910
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CFR |
21 CFR 862.1365
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
519216
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/06/361
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DSLD |
178 (Number of products:20)
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WHO-ATC |
V03AB32
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LOINC |
2383-8
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1294820
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GAN16C9B8O
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16856
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GLUTATHIONE
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400639
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57925
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100000092913
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70-18-8
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C523
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CHEMBL1543
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DB00143
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SUB13990MIG
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4890
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124886
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DTXSID6023101
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244
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293
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1312
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m5781
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200-725-4
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GAN16C9B8O
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D005978
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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SUBSTRATE -> TARGET |
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DERIVATIVE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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INHIBITOR -> TARGET |
Reacts with thiols leading to depletion and indirect oxidative damge.
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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