Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C29H41F2N5O |
| Molecular Weight | 513.6655 |
| Optical Activity | ( - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC(C)C1=NN=C(C)N1[C@H]2C[C@@H]3CC[C@H](C2)N3CC[C@H](NC(=O)C4CCC(F)(F)CC4)C5=CC=CC=C5
InChI
InChIKey=GSNHKUDZZFZSJB-QYOOZWMWSA-N
InChI=1S/C29H41F2N5O/c1-19(2)27-34-33-20(3)36(27)25-17-23-9-10-24(18-25)35(23)16-13-26(21-7-5-4-6-8-21)32-28(37)22-11-14-29(30,31)15-12-22/h4-8,19,22-26H,9-18H2,1-3H3,(H,32,37)/t23-,24+,25-,26-/m0/s1
| Molecular Formula | C29H41F2N5O |
| Molecular Weight | 513.6655 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251317
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251317
Maraviroc (UK-427,857; brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the U.S) is a selective CCR5 antagonist with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity and favorable pharmacological properties. Maraviroc is the product of a medicinal chemistry effort initiated following identification of an imidazopyridine CCR5 ligand from a high-throughput screen of the Pfizer compound file. Selzentry, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is indicated for adult patients infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1. This indication is based on analyses of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in two controlled trials of SELZENTRY in treatment-experienced subjects and one trial in treatment-naive subjects. Maraviroc selectively binds to the human chemokine receptor CCR5 present on the cell membrane, preventing the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and CCR5 necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells. CXCR4-tropic and dual-tropic HIV-1 entry is not inhibited by maraviroc. Antiviral Activity in Cell Culture Maraviroc inhibits the replication of CCR5-tropic laboratory strains and primary isolates of HIV-1 in models of acute peripheral blood leukocyte infection. The mean EC50 value (50% effective concentration) for maraviroc against HIV-1 group M isolates (subtypes A to J and circulating recombinant form AE) and group O isolates ranged from 0.1 to 4.5 nM (0.05 to 2.3 ng per mL) in cell culture. When used with other antiretroviral agents in cell culture, the combination of maraviroc was not antagonistic with NNRTIs (delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine), NRTIs (abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine), or protease inhibitors (amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir). Maraviroc was not antagonistic with the HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide. Maraviroc was not active against CXCR4-tropic and dual-tropic viruses (EC50 value greater than 10 µM). The antiviral activity of maraviroc against HIV-2 has not been evaluated. Maraviroc can cause serious, life-threatening side effects such as, liver problems, skin reactions, and allergic reactions.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21987241
Curator's Comment: Several factors suggest maraviroc may have CNS antiviral activity. First, due to pharmacological properties, such as a relatively low degree of plasma protein binding (∼76%), maraviroc may theoretically cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and gain exposure in the CSF at concentrations great enough to suppress HIV viral replication. Second, as a predominance of CCR5-tropic HIV has been described within the CNS, CCR5 inhibitors such as maraviroc may have profound antiviral activity within this compartment.
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251317
Curator's Comment: from a high-throughput screen of the Pfizer compound file # Pfizer
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL274 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16298345 |
0.86 nM [Kd] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | SELZENTRY Approved UseSELZENTRY, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is indicated for adult patients infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1. This indication is based on analyses of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in two controlled studies of SELZENTRY in treatment-experienced subjects and one study in treatment-naïve subjects. Both studies in treatment-experienced subjects were conducted in clinically advanced, 3-class antiretroviral-experienced (NRTI, NNRTI, PI, or enfuvirtide) adults with evidence of HIV-1 replication despite ongoing antiretroviral therapy. The following points should be considered when initiating therapy with SELZENTRY: Adult patients infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1 should use SELZENTRY. Tropism testing must be conducted with a highly sensitive tropism assay that has demonstrated the ability to identify patients appropriate for SELZENTRY use. Outgrowth of pre-existing low-level CXCR4- or dual/mixed-tropic HIV-1 not detected by tropism testing at screening has been associated with virologic failure on SELZENTRY. [see Microbiology (12.4) Clinical Studies (14.3) Launch Date2007 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
335.6 ng/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
801.16 ng/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status: |
|
888 ng/mL |
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
538 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18333861 |
300 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1320.7 ng*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
1348.4 ng*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
4255.5 ng*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status: |
|
4367.7 ng*h/mL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status: |
|
2908 ng × h/mL |
300 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2422 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18333861 |
300 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
14.36 h Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
17.29 h Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00717067 |
300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: unhealthy age: sex: food status: |
|
8.63 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18333861 |
300 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
MARAVIROC plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| CXCR2 chemokine receptor antagonism enhances DOP opioid receptor function via allosteric regulation of the CXCR2-DOP receptor heterodimer. | 2008-06-01 |
|
| A receptor theory-based semimechanistic PD model for the CCR5 noncompetitive antagonist maraviroc. | 2008-04 |
|
| Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of CCR5 receptor occupancy by maraviroc in healthy subjects and HIV-positive patients. | 2008-04 |
|
| A population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis of maraviroc in healthy volunteers and asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. | 2008-04 |
|
| Effect of single doses of maraviroc on the QT/QTc interval in healthy subjects. | 2008-04 |
|
| Assessment of the absorption, metabolism and absolute bioavailability of maraviroc in healthy male subjects. | 2008-04 |
|
| A novel probe drug interaction study to investigate the effect of selected antiretroviral combinations on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of maraviroc in HIV-positive subjects. | 2008-04 |
|
| The effects of cotrimoxazole or tenofovir co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers. | 2008-04 |
|
| Effects of CYP3A4 inducers with and without CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers. | 2008-04 |
|
| Effects of CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers. | 2008-04 |
|
| Effect of maraviroc on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, lamivudine/zidovudine, and ethinyloestradiol/levonorgestrel in healthy volunteers. | 2008-04 |
|
| Assessment of the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of maraviroc, a novel CCR5 antagonist, in healthy volunteers. | 2008-04 |
|
| A review of the clinical pharmacology of maraviroc. Introduction. | 2008-04 |
|
| Molecular interactions of CCR5 with major classes of small-molecule anti-HIV CCR5 antagonists. | 2008-03 |
|
| Anti-HIV-1 entry optimization of novel imidazopiperidine-tropane CCR5 antagonists. | 2008-02-15 |
|
| The incidence of multidrug and full class resistance in HIV-1 infected patients is decreasing over time (2001-2006) in Portugal. | 2008-02-01 |
|
| Variation in HIV-1 R5 macrophage-tropism correlates with sensitivity to reagents that block envelope: CD4 interactions but not with sensitivity to other entry inhibitors. | 2008-01-18 |
|
| Two new drugs for HIV infection. | 2008-01-14 |
|
| Post-exposure prophylaxis with a maraviroc-containing regimen after occupational exposure to a multi-resistant HIV-infected source person. | 2008-01 |
|
| Asymmetric allylboration of acyl imines catalyzed by chiral diols. | 2007-12-12 |
|
| Species selectivity of small-molecular antagonists for the CCR5 chemokine receptor. | 2007-12-05 |
|
| Maraviroc (Celsentri) for multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. | 2007-12 |
|
| Allosteric modulation of heterodimeric G-protein-coupled receptors. | 2007-12 |
|
| Anti-HIV agents. New drugs--hope and a degree of caution. | 2007-11-29 |
|
| Anti-HIV agents. Using maraviroc in first-line therapy. | 2007-11-29 |
|
| Anti-HIV agents. Maraviroc and resistance. | 2007-11-29 |
|
| Anti-HIV agents. One year clinical trial results with maraviroc. | 2007-11-29 |
|
| Anti-HIV agents. Maraviroc approved in Canada. | 2007-11-29 |
|
| New drugs: Maraviroc and Lanreotide. | 2007-11-23 |
|
| Randomized trials to optimize treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | 2007-11-06 |
|
| Maraviroc. | 2007-11 |
|
| Antiviral drugs in the treatment of AIDS: what is in the pipeline ? | 2007-10-15 |
|
| Treatment with CCR5 antagonists: which patient may have a benefit? | 2007-10-15 |
|
| How will CCR5 antagonists influence the recommendations for the antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 infection. | 2007-10-15 |
|
| CCR5 antagonists in the treatment of treatment-naive patients infected with CCR5 tropic HIV-1. | 2007-10-15 |
|
| CCR5 antagonists in the treatment of treatment-experienced patients infected with CCR5 tropic HIV-1. | 2007-10-15 |
|
| CCR5 antagonists: comparison of efficacy, side effects, pharmacokinetics and interactions--review of the literature. | 2007-10-15 |
|
| Changes in HIV-1 tropism: clinical and prognostic consequences. | 2007-10-15 |
|
| Maraviroc approved in the European Union. | 2007-10 |
|
| Phylodynamics of HIV-1 in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues reveals a central role for the thymus in emergence of CXCR4-using quasispecies. | 2007-09-26 |
|
| Novel HIV treatment approved. | 2007-09-15 |
|
| Maraviroc reduces viral load in naive patients at 48 weeks. | 2007-09 |
|
| FDA approves maraviroc tablets. | 2007-09 |
|
| FDA approves drug for resistant HIV. | 2007-09 |
|
| V3 loop truncations in HIV-1 envelope impart resistance to coreceptor inhibitors and enhanced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. | 2007-08-24 |
|
| Maraviroc--new HIV drug. Emerging options need to be used wisely. | 2007-08-09 |
|
| First medication in new class of ARTs poised to be available for salvage therapy. Tropism testing helps determine best patients for drug. | 2007-08 |
|
| Report from the XVI International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop. | 2007-08 |
|
| Maraviroc, a chemokine CCR5 receptor antagonist for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. | 2007-08 |
|
| Maraviroc. | 2007 |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dose of SELZENTRY (maraviroc tablets, for oral use) differs based on concomitant medications due to drug interactions. SELZENTRY can be taken with or without food. SELZENTRY must be given in combination with other antiretroviral medications.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394040
PM-1 cells were infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 BaL in the presence or absence of inhibitory concentrations of maraviroc (MVC) 50 nM or controls. P24 and viral load levels were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR after 4 hours.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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| Record UNII |
MD6P741W8A
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Validated (UNII)
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548266
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NDF-RT |
N0000175572
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WHO-VATC |
QJ05AX09
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1660
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C63817
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EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS |
CELSENTRI (AUTHORIZED: HIV INFECTIONS)
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J05AX09
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NDF-RT |
N0000175445
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C502411
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8021
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376348-65-1
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C73144
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m7084
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CHEMBL1201187
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100000089254
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MARAVIROC
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63608
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Maraviroc
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DB04835
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EXCRETED UNCHANGED |
AMOUNT EXCRETED
FECAL
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
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TARGET ORGANISM->INHIBITOR |
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TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
Blocks HIV infection
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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EXCRETED UNCHANGED |
AMOUNT EXCRETED
URINE
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
<1% radioactivity
MINOR
FECAL; PLASMA; URINE
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| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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| Tmax | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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