PENICILLIN G

First approved in 1943

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C16H18N2O4S
Molecular Weight	334.39
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC1(C)S[C@@H]2[C@H](NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N2[C@H]1C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H18N2O4S/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)23-16)17-10(19)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C16H18N2O4S
Molecular Weight	334.39
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf |

Penicillin G, also known as benzylpenicillin, is a penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Microbiology Penicillin G is bactericidal against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of cell-wall mucopeptide. It is not active against the penicillinase-producing bacteria, which include many strains of staphylococci. Penicillin G is highly active in vitro against staphylococci (except penicillinase-producing strains), streptococci (groups A, B, C, G, H, L and M), pneumococci and Neisseria meningitidis. Other organisms susceptible in vitro to penicillin G are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, clostridia, Actinomyces species, Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus monillformis, Listeria monocytogenes, and leptospira; Treponema pallidum is extremely susceptible. Adverse effects can include hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, fever, joint pains, rashes, angioedema, anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like reaction.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Bacterial penicillin-binding protein 234 Target ID: CHEMBL2354204 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3245263	Inhibitor 8504

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Sepsis 74 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8583	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 2001
Anthrax 14 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8583	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 2001
Actinomycosis 14 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8583	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 2001
Botulism 15 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 2001
Diphtheria 40 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 2001

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
400 μg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/050638s019lbl.pdf	5000000 unit single, intravenous dose: 5000000 unit route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
4.1 day EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21991307/	1200000 unit single, intramuscular dose: 1200000 unit route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
65% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218695/	12000000 unit 1 times / day steady-state, intravenous dose: 12000000 unit route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
40% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/050141s237lbl.pdf			PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OATP1B3 961 OAT3 747 OATP1B1 1079	OAT3 391 OATP1B1 503

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
OATP1B1 1095	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11095-011-0564-9	no
OAT3 749	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22273603/ Page: 6.0	yes [IC50 102 uM]
OATP1B3 970	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/91/1/140/1672682	yes [IC50 25 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
OAT3 391	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22273603/ Page: 4.0	yes
OATP1B1 503	substrate 4014 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11095-011-0564-9	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B1-01426	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=21638
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B3-003867	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=25758
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-58094	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-58094.html
Alfa Chemistry	ACM61336	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/penicillin-g-cas-61-33-6-item-1451.htm
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A13.126.111	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A13.126.111
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K14.717.681	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K14.717.681
BioSynth	W-109262	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/culture-media-additives/products/W-109262.html
BLD Pharm	BD16410	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/61-33-6.html
ChemMol	99117822	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/99117822.html
eNovation Chemicals	D670398	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D670398
Hairui	HR131823	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/113-98-4.html
iChemical	EBD2201844	http://www.ichemical.com/products/61-33-6.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
OChem	11946	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=061P336
Smolecule	S520981	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s520981
Smolecule	S793352	https://www.smolecule.com/products/s793352
THE BioTek	bt-261722	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-261722
THE BioTek	bt-318404	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-318404
W&J PharmaChem	100997	http://www.wjpharmachem.com/new/100997.html

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
High-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautography for multiple antibiotic residues in cow's milk.	2003-02-05	12505779
Benzylpenicillin differentially conjugates to IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-13 but selectively reduces IFN-gamma activity.	2003-02	12562387
Insights into the acylation mechanism of class A beta-lactamases from molecular dynamics simulations of the TEM-1 enzyme complexed with benzylpenicillin.	2003-01-22	12526667
Cysteine is exported from the Escherichia coli cytoplasm by CydDC, an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter required for cytochrome assembly.	2002-12-20	12393891
Amoxicillin-induced exanthema in young adults with infectious mononucleosis: demonstration of drug-specific lymphocyte reactivity.	2002-12	12452866
Acyl-intermediate structures of the extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase, Toho-1, in complex with cefotaxime, cephalothin, and benzylpenicillin.	2002-11-29	12221102
beta-Lactam allergenic determinants: fine structural recognition of a cross-reacting determinant on benzylpenicillin and cephalothin.	2002-11	12569987
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Japan.	2002-11	12489715
Quality control of antibiotics before the implementation of an STD program in Northern Myanmar.	2002-11	12438896
Mechanism of the reduced elimination clearance of benzylpenicillin from cerebrospinal fluid in rats with intracisternal administration of lipopolysaccharide.	2002-11	12386127
[Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated in major hospitals in Nagano Prefecture].	2002-10	12532636
Fatal outcome from meningococcal disease--an association with meningococcal phenotype but not with reduced susceptibility to benzylpenicillin.	2002-10	12435065
Role of blood-brain barrier organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) in the efflux of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin: its involvement in neurotransmitter metabolite clearance from the brain.	2002-10	12358729
Modulation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated currents by benzophenone derivatives in isolated rat Purkinje neurones.	2002-09	12367621
Liquid chromatographic determination of ampicillin residues in porcine muscle tissue by a multipenicillin analytical method: European Collaborative Study.	2002-08-16	12180684
[Use of antibiotics in general practice and at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases].	2002-08-13	12170869
Immunoglobulin E binding determinants on beta-lactam drugs.	2002-08	12130943
The 2.4-A crystal structure of the penicillin-resistant penicillin-binding protein PBP5fm from Enterococcus faecium in complex with benzylpenicillin.	2002-07	12222968
Improved brain delivery of benzylpenicillin with a peptide-vector-mediated strategy.	2002-06	12164379
Primary (isolated) meningococcal pericarditis.	2002-06	12058796
Major role of organic anion transporter 3 in the transport of indoxyl sulfate in the kidney.	2002-05	11967025
Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus.	2002-05	11961115
3: Community-acquired pneumonia.	2002-04-01	12013330
Gateways to Clinical Trials.	2002-04	12087878
[The Pneumococcal Observatory for the Central Region, 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000].	2002-04	11980331
[Allergic alteration of leukocytes in patients with drug intolerance].	2002-03-02	11871304
Fatality after an injection of Bicillin into the tonsillar fossa during an adenotonsillectomy.	2002-03	11956542
Characterization of specific IgE response in vitro against protein and drug allergens using atopic and normal donors.	2002-03	11906332
Evaluation of the new VITEK 2 system for determination of the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.	2002-03	11901253
Functional involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the renal uptake of organic anions.	2002-03	11861777
Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial.	2002-02-09	11853793
Overexpression, purification and biochemical characterization of a class A high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP1* and its soluble derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	2002-02-01	11802794
[Post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--I. Gram-positive bacteria].	2002-02	11977919
Controlled administration of penicillin to patients with a positive history but negative skin and specific serum IgE tests.	2002-02	11929493
[Maximum residue levels (MRL's) of veterinary medicines in relation to food safety. MRL's really do matter--the Benzaprocpen case].	2002-01-01	11795030
Comparative in vitro activity of 16 antimicrobial agents against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	2002-01	11860083
Natural antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica-like strains: Y. bercovieri, Y. mollaretii, Y. aldovae and 'Y. ruckeri'.	2002-01	11800473
[Benzylpenicillin efficacy for neutropenic infection prophylaxis in patients with cancer and postcytostatic neutropenia].	2002	12516191
Treatment of amatoxin poisoning: 20-year retrospective analysis.	2002	12475187
Antibiotics differ in their tendency to cause infusion phlebitis: a prospective observational study.	2002	12195877
Treatment of latent syphilis in HIV-infected patients with 10 d of benzylpenicillin G benethamine: a prospective study in Maputo, Mozambique.	2002	12064687
[Difficulties with using T lymphocyte culture as a method for diagnosing allergies to benzylpenicillin].	2002	12043320
Biochemical characterization of a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 802.	2002	12002654
Substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of class B beta-lactamases: a molecular modelling study.	2001-12	11814063
Gradient diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.	2001-12	11770631
[Treatment of acute bacterial meningitis].	2001-11-20	11826463
[The use of veterinary drugs during pregnancy of the dog].	2001-11-15	11758478
Selection of metalloenzymes by catalytic activity using phage display and catalytic elution.	2001-04-02	11828452
Marked differences in antibiotic use and resistance between university hospitals in Vilnius, Lithuania, and Huddinge, Sweden.	2001	11822778
[Penicillin induced haemolytic anaemia. Communication of a case (author's transl)].	1975	1198282

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci (including S. pneumoniae): 5 to 24 million units/day depending on the infection and its severity administered in equally divided doses every 4 to 6 hours Anthrax: Minimum of 8 million units/day in divided doses every 6 hours. Higher doses may be required depending on susceptibility of organism Actinomycosis: 1 to 6 million units/day Diphtheria (adjunctive therapy to antitoxin and for the prevention of the carrier state): 2 to 3 million units/day in divided doses for 10 to 12 days Listeria infections, Meningitis: 15 to 20 million units/day for 2 weeks

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

It was studied the antioxidant activity of penicillin G (PG) through its reactivity towards reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radical, O2•̅; hydroxyl radical, HO• ; peroxyl radical, ROO• ; hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2 ; DPPH• ) using various in vitro antioxidant assays with chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry as measurement techniques. In hydroxyl radical assays , PG was found to inhibit the CL signal arising from the Fenton-like reaction in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 = 0.480 ± 0.020 mM. The highest reactivity of PG among the tested penicillins towards the HO radical was confirmed in the deoxyribose degradation assay.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:33:15 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:33:15 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	Q42T66VG0C
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
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Name

Type

Language

BENZYLPENICILLIN

Preferred Name

English

PENICILLIN G

Common Name

English

benzylpenicillin [INN]

Common Name

English

Benzylpenicillin [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

PENICILLIN G [MI]

Common Name

English

(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-DIMETHYL-7-OXO-6-(2-PHENYLACETAMIDO)-4-THIA-1-AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

PENICILLIN G [VANDF]

Common Name

English

J01CE01

Code

English

NSC-193396

Code

English

BENZYL PENICILLIN

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN POTASSIUM IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN (BENZATHINE) TETRAHYDRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

PENICILLIN G [HSDB]

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

BENZYLPENICILLIN [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000011281