U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C20H23N
Molecular Weight 277.4033
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Amitriptyline

SMILES

CN(C)CCC=C1C2=C(CCC3=C1C=CC=C3)C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=KRMDCWKBEZIMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C20H23N/c1-21(2)15-7-12-20-18-10-5-3-8-16(18)13-14-17-9-4-6-11-19(17)20/h3-6,8-12H,7,13-15H2,1-2H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C20H23N
Molecular Weight 277.4033
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.rxlist.com/elavil-drug.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235671; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157426; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16871467; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578912; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15943846

Amitriptyline is a derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is mainly used to treat symptoms of depression. It works on the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibiting the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Amitriptyline has been frequently used as an active comparator in clinical trials on newer antidepressants. It is rarely used as a first-line antidepressant nowadays due to its high degree of toxicity in overdose and generally poorer tolerability than the newer antidepressants.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P23975
Gene ID: 6530.0
Gene Symbol: SLC6A2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
3.45 nM [IC50]
Target ID: P31645
Gene ID: 6532.0
Gene Symbol: SLC6A4
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
13.3 nM [IC50]
Target ID: P28223
Gene ID: 3356.0
Gene Symbol: HTR2A
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Preventing
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Approved Use

For the relief of symptoms of depression. Endogenous depression is more likely to be alleviated than are other depressive states.

Launch Date

1997
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
15.3 ng/mL
75 mg single, oral
dose: 75 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AMITRIPTYLINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
593 ng × h/mL
75 mg single, oral
dose: 75 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AMITRIPTYLINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
20.4 h
75 mg single, oral
dose: 75 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
AMITRIPTYLINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.7%
150 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 150 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
AMITRIPTYLINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Overview

OverviewOther

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victimTox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Inverse agonist actions of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs at the human 5-hydroxytryptamine(2C) receptor.
2001-10
Antidepressants as risk factor for ischaemic heart disease: case-control study in primary care.
2001-09-22
HPLC of basic drugs on microparticulate strong cation-exchange materials - a review.
2001-09-15
Efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: a systematic review.
2001-09
Drug use and five-year incidence of age-related cataracts: The Beaver Dam Eye Study.
2001-09
[Comparative studies of adverse effects in patients with refractory depression treated with amitryptyline, mianserin and unilateral ECT].
2001-08-09
Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram.
2001-08
Combined pharmacotherapy for nocturnal enuresis.
2001-08
Interaction of psychotropic drugs with monoamine oxidase in rat brain.
2001-08
Adherence to treatment regimen in depressed patients treated with amitriptyline or fluoxetine.
2001-08
Cytochrome P450 2D6.1 and cytochrome P450 2D6.10 differ in catalytic activity for multiple substrates.
2001-08
Serum levels and cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients.
2001-08
Efficacy of amitriptyline as a pharmacological adjunct to behavioral modification in the management of aggressive behaviors in dogs.
2001-07-14
[Ciguatera: clinical relevance of a marine neurotoxin].
2001-07-13
Cyclobenzaprine and back pain: a meta-analysis.
2001-07-09
Late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis presenting as burning dysesthesias.
2001-07
Isolated sural neuropathy presenting as lateral ankle pain.
2001-07
Antinociception by tricyclic antidepressants in the rat formalin test: differential effects on different behaviours following systemic and spinal administration.
2001-07
Mirtazepine: heir apparent to amitriptyline?
2001-06-16
The effect of amitriptyline on pain intensity and perception of stress in bruxers.
2001-06
Assessment of DNA damage in C6 glioma cells after antidepressant treatment using an alkaline comet assay.
2001-06
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with amitriptyline in a hemodialysis patient.
2001-06
Retro-orbital tumour--an uncommon cause of headache in pregnancy.
2001-06
Involvement of adenosine in the effect of antidepressants on glutamate and aspartate release in the rat prefrontal cortex.
2001-06
Pharmacological modulation of SK3 channels.
2001-06
Corticotropin-releasing hormone perturbations in interstitial cystitis patients: evidence for abnormal sympathetic activity.
2001-06
Ring flexibility within tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
2001-06
High-performance liquid chromatographic method combining radiochemical and ultraviolet detection for determination of low activities of uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase.
2001-05-15
[St. John's wort: a pharmaceutical with potentially dangerous interactions].
2001-05-10
Management of chronic tension-type headache with tricyclic antidepressant medication, stress management therapy, and their combination: a randomized controlled trial.
2001-05-02
Effects of amitriptyline on diurnal variations of oxidation-reduction enzyme activities in rat lymphocytes during experimental desynchronosis.
2001-05
Antidepressant drugs in dermatology.
2001-05
Bipolar disorder after mefloquine treatment.
2001-05
Treatment of neuropathic pain with venlafaxine.
2001-05
Advances in the management of neuropathic pain.
2001-05
Inhibition of synovial plasma extravasation by preemptive administration of an antiinflammatory irrigation solution in the rat knee.
2001-05
Patterns of response to repeated total sleep deprivations in depression.
2001-05
Controlling phantom limb pain in Sierra Leone.
2001-04-21
[Sensory neuropathy in HIV infection: pathogenesis and therapy].
2001-04-14
Amitriptyline versus bupivacaine in rat sciatic nerve blockade.
2001-04
Evidence for the use of gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
2001-04
The effects of amitriptyline, citalopram and reboxetine on autonomic nervous system. A randomised placebo-controlled study on healthy volunteers.
2001-04
Noradrenergic dysfunction and antidepressant treatment response.
2001-04
Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective.
2001
Gender differences in depression associated with neurologic illness: clinical correlates and pharmacologic response.
2001
A randomized trial of fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in musculo-skeletal pain.
2001
Tianeptine: a review of its use in depressive disorders.
2001
Long-term effects of tricyclic antidepressants on norepinephrine kinetics in humans.
2001
The concentration of three anti-seizure medications in hair: the effects of hair color, controlling for dose and age.
2001
[Cardiac arrest following amitriptylin and adrenaline].
1975-06-16
Patents

Sample Use Guides

For outpatients, 75 mg of amitriptyline HCl a day in divided doses. If necessary, this may be increased to a total of 150 mg per day. An alternate method of initiating therapy in outpatients is to begin with 50 to 100 mg amitriptyline HCl at bedtime. This may be increased by 25 or 50 mg as necessary in the bedtime dose to a total of 150 mg per day. Hospitalized patients may require 100 mg a day initially. This can be increased gradually to 200 mg a day if necessary up to 300 mg a day. Not recommended for patients under 12 years of age
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Amitriptyline was used at 40 uM in isolated rat hepatocytes for 60,120,180 min.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
Record UNII
1806D8D52K
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
LAROXYL
Preferred Name English
Amitriptyline
INN   MART.   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
1-PROPANAMINE, 3-(10,11-DIHYDRO-5H-DIBENZO(A,D)CYCLOHEPTEN-5-YLIDENE)-N,N-DIMETHYL-
Systematic Name English
3-(10,11-DIHYDRO-5H-DIBENZO(A,D)CYCLOHEPTEN-5-YLIDENE)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-PROPANAMINE
Systematic Name English
AMITRIPTYLINE [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
AMITRIPTYLINE [MI]
Common Name English
AMITRIPTYLINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
amitriptyline [INN]
Common Name English
NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
Amitriptyline [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
AMITRIPTYLINE [MART.]
Common Name English
SEROTEN
Common Name English
PROHEPTADIENE
Common Name English
TRIPTANOL
Common Name English
DAMITRIPTYLINE
Common Name English
FLAVYL
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC N06CA01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 24.2.1
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 288809
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QN06AA09
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
LIVERTOX NBK548410
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175752
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 739620
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 8.4
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C94727
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QN06CA01
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC N06AA09
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
MESH
D000639
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Amitriptyline
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000092029
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
AMITRIPTYLINE
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
3007
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
INN
976
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
2160
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
200
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
50-48-6
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB05462MIG
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
2666
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m1753
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
NCI_THESAURUS
C62005
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
704
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
ChEMBL
CHEMBL629
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
1806D8D52K
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID7022594
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00321
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
180
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
1806D8D52K
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:01 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-041-6
Created by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Wed Apr 02 09:57:00 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
Metabolizing reaction by CYP2D6: N-demethylation
BINDER->LIGAND
BINDING
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BINDING PROTEIN->LIGAND
METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
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IC50
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT
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ACTIVE MOIETY
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
Volume of Distribution PHARMACOKINETIC
Volume of Distribution PHARMACOKINETIC
MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE TOXICITY DEPRESSION, INPATIENTS: 300 MG/DAY

Route of Elimination PHARMACOKINETIC
Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC